M.  Kozánek, De Meyer, M., and Albrecht, A., ?3.6. Family Pipunculidae?, in Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Volume 3. Higher Brachycera, vol. 3, L.  Papp and la Darvas, B., Eds. Budapest: Science Herald, 1998, pp. 141-150.