02189nas a2200205   4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300000900197490000800206520152300214653005001737653000601787653001701793653002701810653001701837653005701854100001801911700002001929856003401949       2005                        eng d00aMorphological characters of adult Syrphidae: descriptions and phylogenetic utility0 aMorphological characters of adult Syrphidae descriptions and phy  a1-720 v2153 aA dataset of 120 characters of syrphoid adult morphology was compiled. The taxon set comprises 48 species representing 43 genera of Syrphidae and two taxa of Pipunculidae (Nephrocerus lapponicus and Pipunculus sp.). The taxon set was chosen to comprise elements of all the assumed main clades of Syrphoidea. Platypezidae (Agathomyia falleni) was used as outgroup. The characters and character state assignments are discussed for each character. Fifty figures of characters and characters states are presented, either as drawings or as SEM images. A wealth of new characters was discovered in the ultrastructure of different types of setae and sensilla. The patterns of vestiture, including the microtrichia, are important and widely used. Also the characters of both male and female postabdomens constitute an important source. We discuss homologies of particular characters across the Syrphoidea. The parsimony analysis resulted in one most parsimonious tree of length 606 steps. Pipunculidae and Syrphidae are monophyletic. Contrary to all earlier hypotheses Neoascia + Sphegina appear as the sister group to all other Syrphidae. The Microdontinae (including Spheginobaccha), Nausigaster and the rest of Syrphidae are resolved in a trichotomy. The main group of Syrphidae is composed of two large clades roughly corresponding to the Eristalinae in the traditional sense, and (Callicerini + ((Rhingiini + Volucellini) + (Pipizini + Syrphinae))). The Eumerus group plus Syritta and Ceriana is the sister of that clade.10a[Morphological variation / / Adult characters10a&10adescriptions10aphylogenetic utility].10aPipunculidae10aSyrphidae [General morphology / / ] [Phylogeny / / ]1 aHippa, Heikki1 aStahls, Gunilla  u<Go to ISI>://ZOOR1420502861402209nas a2200253   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260001200221300001200233490000700245520130300252653005801555653000601613653006201619653001101681653007201692653006001764100002001824700001801844700002101862700001701883700002101900856003401921       2003                        eng d00aPhylogeny of Syrphidae (Diptera) inferred from combined analysis of molecular and morphological characters0 aPhylogeny of Syrphidae Diptera inferred from combined analysis o  cOctober  a433-4500 v283 aSyrphidae (Diptera) commonly called hoverflies, includes more than 5000 species world-wide. The aim of this study was to address the systematic position of the disputed elements in the intrafamilial classification of Syrphidae, namely the monophyly of Eristalinae and the placement of Microdontini and Pipizini, as well as the position of particular genera (Nausigaster, Alipumilio, Spheginobaccha). Sequence data from nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial COI genes in conjunction with larval and adult morphological characters of fifty-one syrphid taxa were analysed using optimization alignment to explore phylogenetic relationships among included taxa. A species of Platypezidae, Agathomyia unicolor, was used as outgroup, and also including one representative (Jassidophaga villosa) of the sister-group of Syrphidae, Pipunculidae. Sensitivity of the data was assessed under six different parameter values. A stability tree summarized the results. Microdontini, including Spheginobaccha, was placed basally, and Pipizini appeared as the sister-group to subfamily Syrphinae. The monophyly of subfamily Eristalinae was supported. The results support at least two independent origins of entomophagy in syrphids, and frequent shifts between larval feeding habitats within the saprophagous eristalines.10a[Phylogeny / Intrafamilial relationships / Revaluatio10a&10afeeding habits / ] [Molecular genetics / Nuclear 28S rRNA10alarval10amitochondrial COI gene sequences / ] [Evolutionary adaptation / / ]10aSyrphidae [General morphology / / ] [Diet / Entomophagy1 aStahls, Gunilla1 aHippa, Heikki1 aRotheray, Graham1 aMuona, Jyrki1 aGilbert, Francis  u<Go to ISI>://ZOOR14002008264