@article {921,
	title = {Rice pests},
	year = {1985},
	note = {pages: 37-43},
	month = {1985},
	institution = {Ministry of Agriculture and Community Development; Sarawak},
	abstract = {The results are presented of investigations on the incidence, injuriousness and chemical control of various insect pests of rice in Sarawak. Up to 10\% parasitism of Nephotettix spp., Sogatella furcifera, Tettigella spectra [Cofana spectra] and Recilia dorsalis by pipunculids, dryinids and Strepsiptera is reported.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, agricultural research, biology, cereals, chemical control, control, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, parasites, pest control, pests, Pipunculidae, rice}
}
@article {1128,
	title = {On the phenology of some Pipunculidae (Diptera) in Belgium},
	journal = {Bulletin et Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie},
	volume = {120},
	number = {4-6},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {123-131},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {Of the 9 spp. discussed, 3 are univoltine (Verrallia aucta, V. setosa and Pipunculus thomsoni). Four are bivoltine (Dorylomorpha xanthopus, Alloneura sylvatica, Cephalops semifumosus and Eudorylas subterminalis). No conclusions can be made regarding the voltinity of Chalarus spurius because of the taxonomic complexity of this species. P. campestris has probably 2 generations a year. The results agree with earlier investigations in Great Britain (UK) except for Cephalops semifumosus which in Belgium seems to occur slightly later than stated in the study of Rothschild, 1964. These conclusions are based on small numbers of individuals; therefore, the results could not be tested statistically.Abstract 2: The seasonal appearance of adults of 9 species of pipunculids, of which the larvae parasitize Homoptera, was studied in Belgium by means of Malaise and emergence traps, with a view to determining the number of generations per year produced by each species; 3 appeared to be univoltine, 4 and probably 5 were bivoltine, and no definite conclusion could be drawn about the 9th species. The pipunculids attacking bugs of economic importance included the univoltine Verrallia aucta on the adults of Philaenus spumarius, the bivoltine Dorylomorpha xanthopus on Psammotettix confinis and the bivoltine Pipunculus campestris on Psammotettix confinis and Euscelis plebeja.},
	keywords = {Alloneura sylvatica, b, Cephalops semifumosus, Chalarus spurius, distribution, Dorylomorpha xanthopus, Eudorylas subterminalis, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, Pipunculus campestris, Pipunculus thomsoni, UK, Verrallia aucta, Verrallia setosa, voltinity},
	author = {De Meyer, M. and De Bruyn, L.}
}
@article {1192,
	title = {The parasites of leaf-hoppers. With special reference to the biology of the Anteoninae},
	journal = {The Ohio Journal of Science},
	volume = {18},
	number = {6},
	year = {1918},
	pages = {177-212},
	keywords = {leafhoppers, parasites, parasitoids, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Fenton, F. A.}
}
@inbook {1204,
	title = {The insect parasites of leafhoppers and related groups},
	booktitle = {The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers},
	year = {1985},
	note = {500 pages in book in total},
	pages = {423-467},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {This account of the insect parasites (and hyperparasites) of leafhoppers includes a summary of parasite groups (especially Halictophagidae, Pipunculidae and Dryinidae) of 22 subfamilies of Cicadellidae (and 3 related families) and a host-parasite list (with about 100 species of cicadellids parasitized by halictophagids, about 150 by pipunculids, about 200 by dryinids, about 60 by mymarids, about 30 by trichogrammatids and others by epipyropids, eulophids, aphelinids, encyrtids and diapriids).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Freytag, P. H.},
	editor = {Nault, L. R. and Rodriguez, J. G.}
}
@conference {1205,
	title = {The parasites of Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance},
	year = {1987},
	note = {28th July-1st August 1986},
	pages = {253-255},
	address = {Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA},
	abstract = {Natural enemies of the maize pest Graminella nigrifrons in eastern North America were studied over several years. Notes are provided on a mermithid nematode, 3 pipunculid flies, a strepsipteran, 2 dryinids and an encyrtid that were found.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biological controla gents, cereals, entomopathogens, Entomophilic nematodes, hosts, larvae, maize, natural enemies, nematology, parasites, pathogens, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Freytag, P. H.},
	editor = {Wilson, M. R. and Nault, L. R.}
}
@article {1302,
	title = {Breeding methods for Pipunculidae (Diptera), endoparasites of leafhoppers},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Poor quality scan - OCR not useful},
	pages = {14-15},
	abstract = {Pipunculid larvae are endoparasites of several cicadellid and delphacid rice pests. Details are given of the techniques developed in the German Federal Republic to rear the pipunculids Pipunculus campestris, Eudorylas subterminalis and Tomosvaryella sylvatica in the laboratory. The parasites had been collected with one of their hosts, the cicadellid Euscelis incisa, in the field in Berlin. E. incisa was reared on faba bean (Vicia faba) plants.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biololgical control, cereals, distribution, faba beans, food plants, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, pests, Pipunculidae, rearing techniques, techniques},
	author = {Huq, S.}
}
@article {1304,
	title = {{\"U}ber Eudorylas subterminalis Coll. (Dipt., Pipunculidae) als parasit bei Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West) [Studies on Eudorylas subterminalis (Diptera, Pipunculidae) parasitizing some Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West)]},
	journal = {Anzeiger fur Sch{\"a}dlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz},
	volume = {58},
	number = {8},
	year = {1985},
	note = {English title: On Eudorylas subterminalis Coll. (Dipt., Pipunculidae) as a parasite of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in West Berlin; another English title: Studies on Eudorylas subterminalis (Diptera, Pipunculidae) parasitizing some cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West)},
	pages = {147-149},
	abstract = {The host-seeking and oviposition behaviour and the host-specificity of a pipunculid parasite of cicadellids, Eudorylas subterminalis, was studied in West Berlin. Visual stimuli appeared to be the most important factors in the location of a host by the ovipositing females, and only the 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-instar nymphs were selected. The parasite egg was inserted into the host haemocoel between the 4th and 5th tergites. E. subterminalis was not host-specific and attacked any member of the family Cicadellidae (including Euscelidae). The pipunculid species so far recorded from West Berlin by various authors (3 species of Eudorylas, 3 of Pipunculus and 1 of Tomosvaryella) are listed together with their 20 host species, of which some were of economic importance; E. subterminalis and T. sylvatica had the widest host range.Abstract 2: During a stay at Berlin (West) in 1977/80 studies were conducted on the host-searching, oviposition and host-specificity of Eudorylas subterminalis, a parasitic fly species of Pipunculidae. The visual orientation of the female fly plays undoubtedly a dominant role in searching the host. The female fly usually selects for oviposition only second, third and fourth instar nymphs of the cicadellid hosts. The first instar nymph is rarely attacked, while fifth instar is not accepted at all. The female oviposits within the haemocoel between fourth and fifth tergital region of the host. The fly is unspecific and attacks species of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae. The records of Pipunculidae and their hosts in Berlin (West) have also been stated.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, behaviour, biology, distribution records, Eudorylas subterminalis, hemocoel, host search, host specificity, hosts, natural enemies, NYMPH, oviposition, parasites, Pipunculidae, visual orientation, West Germany},
	author = {Huq, Syed Bazlul}
}
@article {1306,
	title = {Studies on the mating behaviour including some biological aspects of Eudorylas subterminalis Collin (Diptera: Pipunculidae), endoparasite of cicadellid leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Zoologie},
	volume = {73},
	number = {3},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {281-292},
	abstract = {Mating in Eudorylas subterminalis Collin is preceded by chasing of the female by a male. It appears to be bivoltine and overwinters in the pupal stage outside the host body. Emergence of the parasitoid from the host{\textquoteright}s body takes place either in late nymphal (5th instar) or adult host. Pupation occurs in soil or inside surface rubbishes and is completed within 24 to 36 hours after emergence of the larvae from the hosts. At emergence from the pupa, the fly always ruptures the puparium along the definite lines. Pupal stadium durates on an average 19.2 days for male and 21.8 days for female. The rate of parasitism obtained in the laboratory was as great as 52.57\%. Effects of parasitism become evident, when the parasitoid matures, this results in gross distortion of the host{\textquoteright}s abdomen, causing separation of sternites, tergites and pleurites. Parasitization of females may result in non-development or much shortening in length of the ovipositor. Abdomen becomes emptied due to consumption by the parasitoid.Abstract 2: Mating behaviour was studied in Eudorylas subterminalis (a parasite of cicadellids, including Psammotettix sp.) in the laboratory, and aspects of its biology were studied in the laboratory and field in West Berlin. Mating was preceded by chasing of the female by the male. The pipunculid appeared to be bivoltine, overwintering in the pupal stage. The larval parasite emerged from the 5th-instar nymph or adult of its host and pupated 24-36 h later in the soil or among surface litter. The duration of the pupal stage averaged 19.2 days in the male and 21.8 days in the female. Up to 52.57\% parasitism occurred in the laboratory. As the parasite developed, it caused the host{\textquoteright}s body to become grossly distorted, with separation of the sternites, tergites and pleurites. In parasitized female hosts, the ovipositor was sometimes short or absent.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biology, Eudorylas subterminalis, hosts, mating behaviour, natural enemies, parasites, parasitism, Pipunculidae, pupal stage},
	author = {Huq, Syed Bazlul}
}
@article {1324,
	title = {Two new species of Chalarus Walker (Diptera: Pipunculidae) from Burma},
	journal = {Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft},
	volume = {58},
	number = {3-4},
	year = {1985},
	note = {journal title alternate: Bulletin de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Enomologique Suisse},
	pages = {435-440},
	abstract = {Two new Oriental species of Chalarus, C. trilineatus sp. n. and C. orientalis sp. n. are described from the female and compared with related species. The descriptions incorporate new characters of the thorax, hind legs and ovipositor.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Chalarus orientalis new species, Chalarus trilineatus new species, description, natural enemies, parasites, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Jervis, Mark A.}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {Parasitism of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler by Alloneura oryzaetora, Eudorylas cruciator and Eudorylas tsuboii (Pipunculidae: Diptera) in southern rice cultural area},
	journal = {Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Plant, Environment, Mycology and Farm Products Utilization, Korea Republic},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Written in Chinese - not OCR{\textquoteright}d (Abstract in English)},
	pages = {82-85},
	address = {Suwon, Korea},
	abstract = {The rate of parasitism by pipunculids on the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps was investigated in field studies in the Korea Republic. Of 3 species of pipunculid parasitoids present (Alloneura oryzaetora [Tomosvaryella oryzaetora], Eudorylas cruciator [Pipunculus mutillatus] and E. tsuboii [P. javanensis]), T. oryzaetora was the most dominant. Parasitism in the nymphal stage was 16.0\% for the overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the 1st generation on a fallow field, and 29.7 and 4.0\% for the 2nd and 3rd generations, respectively, on rice. The 4 peaks of parasitism occurred in late June, early and late August and early September.Abstract 2: This study was carried out to investigate the parasitism of Pipunculidae parasites to the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler in southern rice cultural area, Chinju, Korea. The percentages of parasitism in the nymphal stage of Nephotetix cincticeps at each generation were 16.0\% for overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the first generation on fallow field, 29.7\% for the second generation and 14.0\% for the third generation on paddy field, respectively. The four peaks of occurrence of Pipunculidae parasites (Diptera) in paddy field were observed late June, early and late August and early September. We found three species of Pipunculidae parasites, Alloneura oryzaetora Koizumi, Eudorylas cruciator Perkins and Eudorylas tsuboii Koizumi from the green rice leafhopper. Alloneura oryzaetora was dominant nymphal parasitoid among the three parasites.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biology, cereals, Eudorylas cruciator, Eudorylas tsuboii, fields, habitats, hosts, Korea, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Kim, J. P. and Kim, C. H.}
}
@article {1511,
	title = {Morphology of immature stages of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Kontyu},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {176-186},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {The morphology of the 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae and puparia of the following 4 species of Japanese Pipunculidae parasitic on the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis. The cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts of the larvae and the posterior spiracular plates of the larvae and the pupa show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the 2nd-instar larva seen in the present species consists of 2 sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the British species, P. semifumosus [Cephalops semifumosus], which has one sclerite.Abstract 2: The morphology of the first and second instar larvae and puparia of the following four Japanese Pipunculidae arasitic on Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora Koizumi, Pipunculus multillatus Loew, P. javanensis De Meijere and P. orientalis (Koizumi). Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts in the first and second instar larvae as well as posterior spiracular plates of the late first and second instar larvae and the puparium show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the second instar larva seen in the present species consists of two sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the known British (UK) species, P. semifumosus, which has one sclerite.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, anatomy, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, hosts, morphology, mouthparts, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, rice, taxonomy, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, UK},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Seasonal incidence of parasitism of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp., and whitebacked planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Laguna Province, Philippines},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {263-267},
	address = {Lawrence (Kansas)},
	abstract = {Seasonal abundance and incidence of parasitism of larvae and adults of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the euscelids Nephotettix nigropictus and N. virescens were monitored in rice in the Philippines during the 1983 wet season and the 1983-84 dry season. Overall percentage parasitism by dryinids, strepsipterans and pipunculids was low and variable among seasons and locations.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, brown planthoppers, cereals, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, green leafhoppers, Homoptera, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, parasites, parasitoids, pests, rice, Sogatella furcifera, whitebacked planthoppers},
	author = {Pe{\~n}a, Nora and Shepard, Merle}
}
@article {1554,
	title = {Parasites of Leaf-Hoppers},
	journal = {Bulletin. Division of Entomology. Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Experiment Station},
	volume = {4},
	year = {1907},
	pages = {5-66},
	address = {Honolulu},
	keywords = {leafhoppers, parasites, parasitoids, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Perkins, R. C. L.}
}
@article {1556,
	title = {Parasites of insects attacking sugarcane},
	journal = {Bulletin. Division of Entomology. Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Experiment Station},
	volume = {10},
	year = {1912},
	pages = {1-27},
	address = {Honolulu},
	keywords = {parasites, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, sugarcane},
	author = {Perkins, R. C. L.}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {An investigation of parasitism on the overwintering generation of major rice insect pests by their natural enemies},
	journal = {Natural Enemies of Insects},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {48-50},
	abstract = {In field studies in Hunan, China, the rate of parasitism by Coccygomimus nipponicus [Pimpla nipponicus], Vulgichneumon diminutus, Phaeogenes sp. and Itoplectis naranyae on Susumia exigua [Marasmia exigua], Eriborus terebrans [Diadegma terebrans] on Tryporyza incertulas [Scirpophaga incertulas], I. naranyae on the pyralid Chilo suppressalis, Anagrus spp. and Ootetrastichus sp. [Aprostocetus sp.] on rice planthoppers [Delphacidae] and Tomosvaryella oryzaetora on Nephotettix cincticeps was found to be about 15\% in the overwintering stage of the hosts.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, cereals, diapause, fields, habitats, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, overwintering, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Wu, H. F. and Yang, X. M.}
}
@article {1775,
	title = {Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia.  XIII.  Pipunculidae from Japan (Diptera)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {53-74},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {An annotated list is presented of 14 species of pipunculid parasites collected in Japan during surveys of rice fields and their bordering levees, or reared from Nephotettix cincticeps in the laboratory. The leafhoppers concurrently collected during the survey in light traps and by sweeping were N. virescens, N. malayanus, N. nigropictus and N. parvus. The pipunculids comprised 1 species of Verrallia, 6 species of Pipunculus, 6 species of Tomosvaryella and 1 species of Dorylomorpha. The information on each parasite includes collection data, world distribution and the host species from which the species has been recorded elsewhere (though field hosts are not shown for the examples collected in this survey).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Asia, cereals, distribution, fields, food plants, geographical distribution, habitats, hosts, Japan, natural enemies, paddy fields, parasites, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Ishitani, Masahiro and Asai, Ikuzo and Satoh, Michio}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {An evidence for behavioural change in Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae) parasitized by pipunculid flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Applied Entomology and Zoology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1985},
	note = {1 fig.; 5 ref.},
	pages = {94-96},
	abstract = {Studies were carried out in rice fields in Yamaguchi City, Japan, in 1980-83 to determine the effect of parasitization by pipunculids on the behaviour of Nephotettix cincticeps. The pipunculid species present were Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis, P. orientalis, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora and T. epichalca. Percentage parasitism was 0-8.71 (averaging 2.55) for light-trap collections and 2.29-26.57 (averaging 13.34\%) for sweep-net collections. Examination of 236 examples of N. cincticeps attracted to windows on 25 July 1983 revealed no pipunculid larvae. However, both young and fully-developed larvae were found in examples of N. cincticeps collected in fields by both methods, and some of these adult hosts with empty abdomens contained fully-developed larvae. The results showed that the flight behaviour of N. cincticeps was affected by parasitization, and this was thought to be due to damage to the thoracic muscles and nervous system and to poor physiological condition.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biology, cereals, Deltocephalidae, distribution, effects, flight, food plants, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Morakote, Rut and Satoh, Michio and Asai, Ikuzo}
}
