@article {921,
	title = {Rice pests},
	year = {1985},
	note = {pages: 37-43},
	month = {1985},
	institution = {Ministry of Agriculture and Community Development; Sarawak},
	abstract = {The results are presented of investigations on the incidence, injuriousness and chemical control of various insect pests of rice in Sarawak. Up to 10\% parasitism of Nephotettix spp., Sogatella furcifera, Tettigella spectra [Cofana spectra] and Recilia dorsalis by pipunculids, dryinids and Strepsiptera is reported.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, agricultural research, biology, cereals, chemical control, control, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, parasites, pest control, pests, Pipunculidae, rice}
}
@article {1224,
	title = {Biological control of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers in Andhra Pradesh},
	journal = {Plant Protection Bulletin Faridabad},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {6-11},
	abstract = {The natural enemies of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the cicadellids Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus on rice in Andhra Pradesh, India, are discussed. The mymarid Anagrus sp. and the trichogrammatid Oligosita sp. are the most common egg parasitoids of Nilaparvata lugens, while another mymarid, Gonatocerus sp., and another trichogrammatid, Paracentrobia sp., attack eggs of Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus. Dryindids, pipunculids and strepsiterans parasitize the nymphs and adults of delaphacids and cicadellids. Among the predators, the mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Coccinella arcuata [Harmonia octomaculata] prey on Nilaparvata lugens, while all 4 pest species are attacked by the veliid Microvelia sp. and by several species of Araneae. The main pathogens infecting these pests include Beauveria bassiana, which attacks Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus during September-November, and Entomophthora fumosa, which infects Nilaparvata lugens during September.},
	keywords = {agricultural entom, beneficial arthropods, biological control, biological control agents, cereals, control, entomogenous fungi, fields, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, pathogens, pest control, predators, predatory arthropods, prey, rice},
	author = {Gupta, M. and Pawar, A. D.}
}
@article {1298,
	title = {Field studies on the biological control of leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera: Homoptera) injurious to rice plants in south-east Asia. An account for the year 1979},
	journal = {Esakia},
	volume = {16},
	year = {1981},
	pages = {1-4},
	address = {Hikosan},
	keywords = {biological control, leafhopper, Pipunculidae, planthopper, rice},
	author = {Hirashima, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {1299,
	title = {Field studies on the biological control of leafhoppers and planthoppers (Hemiptera : Homoptera) injurious to rice plants in south-east Asia. Progress Report for the year 1977},
	journal = {Esakia},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1979},
	pages = {1-20},
	address = {Hikosan},
	keywords = {biological control, leafhopper, Pipunculidae, planthopper, rice},
	author = {Hirashima, Y. and Aizawa, K. and Miura, T. and Wongsiri, T.}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {Parasitism of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler by Alloneura oryzaetora, Eudorylas cruciator and Eudorylas tsuboii (Pipunculidae: Diptera) in southern rice cultural area},
	journal = {Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Plant, Environment, Mycology and Farm Products Utilization, Korea Republic},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Written in Chinese - not OCR{\textquoteright}d (Abstract in English)},
	pages = {82-85},
	address = {Suwon, Korea},
	abstract = {The rate of parasitism by pipunculids on the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps was investigated in field studies in the Korea Republic. Of 3 species of pipunculid parasitoids present (Alloneura oryzaetora [Tomosvaryella oryzaetora], Eudorylas cruciator [Pipunculus mutillatus] and E. tsuboii [P. javanensis]), T. oryzaetora was the most dominant. Parasitism in the nymphal stage was 16.0\% for the overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the 1st generation on a fallow field, and 29.7 and 4.0\% for the 2nd and 3rd generations, respectively, on rice. The 4 peaks of parasitism occurred in late June, early and late August and early September.Abstract 2: This study was carried out to investigate the parasitism of Pipunculidae parasites to the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler in southern rice cultural area, Chinju, Korea. The percentages of parasitism in the nymphal stage of Nephotetix cincticeps at each generation were 16.0\% for overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the first generation on fallow field, 29.7\% for the second generation and 14.0\% for the third generation on paddy field, respectively. The four peaks of occurrence of Pipunculidae parasites (Diptera) in paddy field were observed late June, early and late August and early September. We found three species of Pipunculidae parasites, Alloneura oryzaetora Koizumi, Eudorylas cruciator Perkins and Eudorylas tsuboii Koizumi from the green rice leafhopper. Alloneura oryzaetora was dominant nymphal parasitoid among the three parasites.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biology, cereals, Eudorylas cruciator, Eudorylas tsuboii, fields, habitats, hosts, Korea, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Kim, J. P. and Kim, C. H.}
}
@article {1509,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part V. The genus Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	note = {address of authors: : Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan.; 281-356 pages?},
	pages = {281-355},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 5th part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, the genus Eudorylas (which includes parasitoids of the rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps) is dealt with. A key to the 40 species known from Japan (including 31 newly described) is included. In the details of species, some information is included on known hosts elsewhere.Abstract 2: Forty species of the Japanese Eudorylas Aczel are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Three of them are newly recorded from Japan and thirty one species are described as new.},
	keywords = {31 new species, agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, descriptions, distribution, hosts, insect pests, keys, natural enemies, new records, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, rice, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1510,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part VI. The genera Dorylomorpha Acz{\'e}l and Tomosvaryella Acz{\'e}l},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {357-395},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 6th part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, 12 species of Dorylomorpha (a genus that includes mainly parasitoids of Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) and 8 species of Tomosvaryella (a genus that includes parasitoids of hemipterous pests of rice) are dealt with and keyed. Five new species are included, and lists are provided of known hosts of some species in both genera.Abstract 2: Twelve species of the genus Dorylomorpha Aczel and eight species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczel from Japan are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Six species of Dorylomorpha are new to Japan and five species are new species. Tomosvaryella caligata Hardy is newly recorded from Japan. The species studied are the following: D. confusa, D. imparata, D. extricata, D. haemorrhoidalis, D. rufipes, D. spinosa, D. yamagishii *S, D. rectitermina *S, D. kurodakensis *S, D. valida *S D. yanoi *S, D. lini, T. oryzaetora, T. inazumae, T. sylvatica, T. coquilleti, T. epichalca, T. subvirescens, T. caligata, T. itoi.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Dorylomo, Dorylomorpha confusa, Dorylomorpha extricata, Dorylomorpha haemorrhoidalis, Dorylomorpha imparata, Dorylomorpha rufipes, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, rice, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1511,
	title = {Morphology of immature stages of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Kontyu},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {176-186},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {The morphology of the 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae and puparia of the following 4 species of Japanese Pipunculidae parasitic on the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis. The cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts of the larvae and the posterior spiracular plates of the larvae and the pupa show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the 2nd-instar larva seen in the present species consists of 2 sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the British species, P. semifumosus [Cephalops semifumosus], which has one sclerite.Abstract 2: The morphology of the first and second instar larvae and puparia of the following four Japanese Pipunculidae arasitic on Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora Koizumi, Pipunculus multillatus Loew, P. javanensis De Meijere and P. orientalis (Koizumi). Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts in the first and second instar larvae as well as posterior spiracular plates of the late first and second instar larvae and the puparium show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the second instar larva seen in the present species consists of two sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the known British (UK) species, P. semifumosus, which has one sclerite.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, anatomy, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, hosts, morphology, mouthparts, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, rice, taxonomy, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, UK},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1512,
	title = {Biology of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {9-22},
	address = {Yamaguchi, Japan},
	abstract = {The paddy dwelling species of the family Pipunculidae in Japan have been studied mainly for their taxonomy and adult behavior, though the latter subject has not been covered completely. The biology of the flies, especially in their immature stages, remains unknown. The biology of some European species have been reported, and the knowledge obtained by these authors will be compared with the present data in the following lines. The biology of Tomosvaryella orzyaetora KOIZUMI, Pipunculus multillatus LOEW, P. javanensis DE MEIJERE and P. orientalis (KOIZUMI), parasitic on the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps, were studied in Yamaguchi University Farm and nearby paddy fields in 1983 and 1984 where the four species are dominant among the paddy dwelling pipunculid flies and other species are extremely rare. The results of the biology of each developmental stage of these four species are described here.Abstract 2: The biology of 4 species of pipunculids, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, parasitoids of the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps, was studied in the laboratory at 15, 20, 25 and 30{\textdegree}C. The specimens were recovered from N. cincticeps collected in rice fields in Japan in 1983-84. The development stages within the host are described, including orientation, morphology and development period. The threshold temperatures for pupal development of males and females of P. mutillatus and males of T. oryzaetora were 10.55, 10.56 and 12.88{\textdegree}C, respectively. Information is also provided on larval emergence from the host and the morphology and behaviour of pupae and adults. Multiple parasitism was found to occur only very rarely. The symptoms of parasitism by pipunculids on N. cincticeps are described.},
	keywords = {biology, community structure, developmental stage, fields, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, p, paddy field habitat, parasitoids, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus multillatus, Pipunculus orientalis, rice, species composition, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1513,
	title = {Adult behavior of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Kontyu},
	volume = {56},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {653-658},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {The mating behaviour of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus and P. javanensis, parasitoids of the rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps, is described from field and laboratory studies in Japan in 1983-84. The host searching and oviposition behaviour of T. oryzaetora are also described.Abstract 2:  The mating behavior of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora Koizumi, Pipunculus mutillatus Loew and P. javanensis De Meurere is described. Mating in these species is mainly seen in the late morning and at dusk in paddy fields. In T. oryzaetora mainly studied, contact of the two sexes occurs on substrate or in the air, but the coupling of their terminalia is seen only on substrate. The female responds to the male on her back by spreading her wings, and raises her terminalia in order to accept the male aedeagus. In the final action, the male{\textquoteright}s legs hang freely and his wings vibrate rapidly. Host searching and oviposition behaviors of T. oryzaetora are also described.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, behaviour, beneficial insects, biology, cereals, fields, hosts, insect pests, mati, natural enemies, oviposition, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, rice, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1514,
	title = {Seasonal abundance of some Japanese pipunculid flies (Diptera : Pipunculidae) in paddy fields},
	journal = {Esakia},
	volume = {Special is},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {115-121},
	address = {Hikosan},
	abstract = {As part of the studies on the pipunculid flies in paddy fields, their seasonal abundance and percentage parasitism in the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps were studied in insecticide-treated and untreated paddy fields. Four pipunculid species were frequently caught from August to October. The percentage of parasitism in host adults by the flies was high in June-July and in October-November.Abstract 2: The seasonal abundance of pipunculids and the percentage parasitism of their host, the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps, was studied in insecticide-treated and untreated rice fields in Japan during March-November 1983-84. Four species, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, were caught frequently between August and October. Percentage parasitism was highest in June-July and October-November.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, biological control, biology, cereals, ecology, fields, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasitism, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Seasonal incidence of parasitism of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp., and whitebacked planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Laguna Province, Philippines},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {263-267},
	address = {Lawrence (Kansas)},
	abstract = {Seasonal abundance and incidence of parasitism of larvae and adults of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the euscelids Nephotettix nigropictus and N. virescens were monitored in rice in the Philippines during the 1983 wet season and the 1983-84 dry season. Overall percentage parasitism by dryinids, strepsipterans and pipunculids was low and variable among seasons and locations.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, brown planthoppers, cereals, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, green leafhoppers, Homoptera, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, parasites, parasitoids, pests, rice, Sogatella furcifera, whitebacked planthoppers},
	author = {Pe{\~n}a, Nora and Shepard, Merle}
}
@article {1682,
	title = {Depression of dispersal of the female green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens by pipunculid parasitism and ovarian maturation},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {17},
	number = {6},
	year = {1992},
	note = {address of author: Raga In. Ad., Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi, Kumamoto 861-11, Japan.},
	pages = {29},
	abstract = {Observations in and around rice fields in Indonesia in 1986-90 indicated that pipunculid parasitism depresses even short-range dispersal of females of the cicadellid Nephotettix virescens and that females which flew long distances were mostly unparasitized and immature.},
	keywords = {agriculturalentomology, behaviour, beneficial insects, biology, cereals, fields, green leafhopper, hosts, insect pests, migration, natural enemies, Nephotettix virescens, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Suzuki, Y.}
}
@article {1743,
	title = {Effect of rice stage and GLH density on pipunculid parasitism on green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens in Bali, Indonesia},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {17},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {21-22},
	abstract = {Adults of Nephotettix virescens were collected from 83 rice fields in Bali in the 1989 dry season and in the 1989-90 wet season and dissected to examine for the presence of pipunculid parasites and for the proportion of mature females that were parasite free. Parasitism was lowest in nursery beds in both seasons. Because immigrants were most common in young fields, this finding suggests that parasitized N. virescens may be less migratory than parasite-free insects. Parasitism in ratoon fields differed markedly between seasons, which may have been associated with the high percentage of mature females. The results suggest that pipunculid parasites may be a regulatory factor in abundance of N. virescens.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Bali, cereals, fields, hosts, Indonesia, natural enemies, Nephotettix virescens, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Widrawan, K. R. and Nursanti, S. and Astika, N. S.}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {An investigation of parasitism on the overwintering generation of major rice insect pests by their natural enemies},
	journal = {Natural Enemies of Insects},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {48-50},
	abstract = {In field studies in Hunan, China, the rate of parasitism by Coccygomimus nipponicus [Pimpla nipponicus], Vulgichneumon diminutus, Phaeogenes sp. and Itoplectis naranyae on Susumia exigua [Marasmia exigua], Eriborus terebrans [Diadegma terebrans] on Tryporyza incertulas [Scirpophaga incertulas], I. naranyae on the pyralid Chilo suppressalis, Anagrus spp. and Ootetrastichus sp. [Aprostocetus sp.] on rice planthoppers [Delphacidae] and Tomosvaryella oryzaetora on Nephotettix cincticeps was found to be about 15\% in the overwintering stage of the hosts.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, cereals, diapause, fields, habitats, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, overwintering, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Wu, H. F. and Yang, X. M.}
}
@article {1775,
	title = {Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia.  XIII.  Pipunculidae from Japan (Diptera)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {53-74},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {An annotated list is presented of 14 species of pipunculid parasites collected in Japan during surveys of rice fields and their bordering levees, or reared from Nephotettix cincticeps in the laboratory. The leafhoppers concurrently collected during the survey in light traps and by sweeping were N. virescens, N. malayanus, N. nigropictus and N. parvus. The pipunculids comprised 1 species of Verrallia, 6 species of Pipunculus, 6 species of Tomosvaryella and 1 species of Dorylomorpha. The information on each parasite includes collection data, world distribution and the host species from which the species has been recorded elsewhere (though field hosts are not shown for the examples collected in this survey).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Asia, cereals, distribution, fields, food plants, geographical distribution, habitats, hosts, Japan, natural enemies, paddy fields, parasites, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Ishitani, Masahiro and Asai, Ikuzo and Satoh, Michio}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {An evidence for behavioural change in Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae) parasitized by pipunculid flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Applied Entomology and Zoology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1985},
	note = {1 fig.; 5 ref.},
	pages = {94-96},
	abstract = {Studies were carried out in rice fields in Yamaguchi City, Japan, in 1980-83 to determine the effect of parasitization by pipunculids on the behaviour of Nephotettix cincticeps. The pipunculid species present were Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis, P. orientalis, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora and T. epichalca. Percentage parasitism was 0-8.71 (averaging 2.55) for light-trap collections and 2.29-26.57 (averaging 13.34\%) for sweep-net collections. Examination of 236 examples of N. cincticeps attracted to windows on 25 July 1983 revealed no pipunculid larvae. However, both young and fully-developed larvae were found in examples of N. cincticeps collected in fields by both methods, and some of these adult hosts with empty abdomens contained fully-developed larvae. The results showed that the flight behaviour of N. cincticeps was affected by parasitization, and this was thought to be due to damage to the thoracic muscles and nervous system and to poor physiological condition.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biology, cereals, Deltocephalidae, distribution, effects, flight, food plants, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Morakote, Rut and Satoh, Michio and Asai, Ikuzo}
}
