R. Leonard Coe, Diptera Pipunculidae, vol. 10. London: Royal Entomological Society, 1966, p. 83.

G. C. D.  Griffiths, The phylogenetic classification of Diptera Cyclorrhapha with special reference to the structure of the male postabdomen. The Hague: Dr. W. Junk N. V., 1972, p. 340.