@mastersthesis {949,
	title = {Revis o das esp{\'e}cies neotropicais de Tomosvaryella Acz{\'e}l, 1939 (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1-150},
	school = {INPA, Funda{\'a} o Universidade do Amazonas},
	type = {M.Sc.},
	keywords = {Pipunculidae, revision, Tomosvaryella},
	author = {Ale-Rocha, R.}
}
@article {1037,
	title = {New fly species of the genus Nephrocerus (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from the Soviet Far East},
	journal = {Zoologicheskii Zhurnal},
	volume = {70},
	number = {10},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Both English and Russian versions attached below},
	pages = {151-154},
	abstract = {Two new species of Nephrocerus collected in Primorye and Amur district (Russian SFSR, USSR) are described. N. nevskajae sp. n. is similar to N. scutellatus Macq. differing from its by the considerably lesser body size and partically bare hypopyge of the male, and larger 3rd segment of the antenna. N. fatalis sp. n. differs from the known representatives of the genus by the ususally thick and long setae on the apical structrues of the male{\textquoteright}s hypopyge, and a number of other characters.},
	keywords = {Amur, comparative morphology, description, Nephrocerus fatalis new species, Nephrocerus nevskajae new species, Nephrocerus scutellatus, Pipunculidae, Primorye, Russian sfsr, USSR},
	author = {Churkin, S. V.}
}
@inbook {1052,
	title = {39. Diptera (Flies)},
	booktitle = {The Insects of Australia. A textbook for students and research workers},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {717-786},
	publisher = {Melbourne University Press},
	organization = {Melbourne University Press},
	edition = {Second},
	address = {Melbourne, Victoria},
	keywords = {general introduction, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Colless, D. H. and McAlpine, D. K.},
	editor = {Naumann, I. D.}
}
@article {1104,
	title = {A short note on the Pipunculidae fauna of Antheit (Corphalie) (Diptera)},
	journal = {Bulletin et Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie},
	volume = {127},
	number = {10-12},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {336-338},
	address = {Brussels},
	keywords = {Antheit, checklist, Corphalie, Pipunculidae},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@article {1105,
	title = {A new Cephalops Fall{\'e}n, 1810, species from New Zealand (Dipt., Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Entomologist{\textquoteright}s monthly Magazine},
	volume = {127},
	number = {1528-1531},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {215-218},
	keywords = {Cephalops, New Zealand, Pipunculidae},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@book {1106,
	title = {Pipunculidae},
	series = {Catalogue of the Diptera of Belgium},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {108-110},
	publisher = {Studiedocumenten K.B.I.N.},
	organization = {Studiedocumenten K.B.I.N.},
	address = {Brussel},
	keywords = {Belgium, catalogue, Pipunculidae},
	author = {De Meyer, M.},
	editor = {Grootaert, P. and De Bruyn, L. and De Meyer, M.}
}
@article {1107,
	title = {A short note on the Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Kenya},
	journal = {East Afr. Nat. Hist. Soc. Bull.},
	volume = {21},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {42-43},
	keywords = {Kenya, Pipunculidae},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@article {1134,
	title = {Australasian species of the genus Jassidophaga Acz{\'e}l (Pipunculidae, Diptera)},
	journal = {Bulletin et Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie},
	volume = {127},
	number = {7-9},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {201-205},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {Of the genus Jassidophaga ACZEL, 1939, a new species and a new subspecies from the Australasian region are described: J. flavidipes sp. n. from Australia, and J. japonica melanosa subsp. n. from Papua New Guinea and Australia. These are the first records of this genus from the Australasian region. Their relationship to other Jassidophaga spp. is discussed.},
	keywords = {Australia, description, Jassidophaga flavidipes new species, Jassidophaga japonica melanosa new subspecies, Jassidophaga spp new record, Papua New Guinea, Pipunculidae, zoogeography},
	author = {De Meyer, M. and Grootaert, P.}
}
@article {1326,
	title = {Biological control of leafhoppers in New Zealand: a feasibility study},
	journal = {Bulletin of the British Ecological Society},
	volume = {22},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {35-38},
	keywords = {biological control, leafhoppers, New Zealand, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Jervis, Mark A.}
}
@article {1390,
	title = {Contribution to the knowledge of the pipunculid fauna of Czechoslovakia (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 4th ECE/XIII. SIEEC, Godollo},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {522-526},
	keywords = {checklist, Czechoslovakia, new records, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Koz{\'a}nek, Milan}
}
@article {1401,
	title = {Classification of the Family Pipunculidae from Korea (Diptera) Part I. On the genus Moriparia gen.nov. from North Korea},
	journal = {Insecta Koreana},
	volume = {8},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {76-84},
	address = {Seoul, Korea},
	keywords = {Moriparia new genus, new species, North Korea, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Koz{\'a}nek, Milan and Kwon, Yong Jung}
}
@article {1402,
	title = {Classification of the Family Pipunculidae from Korea (Diptera) Part II. On the genus Eudorylas Aczel from North Korea},
	journal = {Korean Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {21},
	number = {4},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Acz{\'e}l without accent in original title},
	pages = {157-165},
	abstract = {As the second series of the systematic survey on the Korean Pipunculidae, 6 species of the genus Eudorylas from North Korea are described here. Among them, 5 species are new to science and the remainder (E. kerzhneri Kuznetzov, 1990) is new to Korean fauna. The following new species are proposed: E. angustimembranus sp. nov., E. appendiculatus sp. nov., E. janae sp. nov., E. koreanus sp. nov., and E. subruralis sp. nov.},
	keywords = {description, Eudorylas angustimembranus new species, Eudorylas appendiculatus new species, Eudorylas janae new species, Eudorylas kerzhneri new record, Eudorylas koreanus new species, Eudorylas subruralis new species, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Koz{\'a}nek, Milan and Kwon, Yong Jung}
}
@article {1412,
	title = {A new species of Cephalops (Diptera, Pipunculidae) from Tadzhikistan},
	journal = {Dipterological Research},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1991},
	note = {Note: Sergei spelled incorrectly in article (Sergey in other articles)},
	pages = {59-60},
	address = {Riga},
	keywords = {Cephalops argenteus new species, Pipunculidae, Tadzhikistan},
	author = {Kuznetzov, Sergei Yu.}
}
@article {1413,
	title = {New Palaearctic species of the genus Pipunculus (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Dipterological Research},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1-51},
	address = {Riga},
	keywords = {new species, Palaearctic, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus},
	author = {Kuznetzov, Sergey Yu.}
}
@article {1475,
	title = {Revision of Spilomicrus Westwood in America north of Mexico (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Diapriidae)},
	journal = {The Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {123},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {107-177},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {European specimens of Spilomicrus formosus Jansson (in USNM) were reared from the  pupa of a species of Pipunculidae.},
	keywords = {hyperparasitoid, Pipunculidae, Spilomicrus},
	author = {Masner, Lubomir}
}
@article {1577,
	title = {As esp{\'e}cies Neotropicais do g{\^e}nero Pipunculus (S. Str.) Latreille (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Revista Brasileira de Entomologia},
	volume = {35},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {English title: The Neotropical species of the genus Pipunculus Latreille (S. Str.) (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	pages = {179-186},
	address = {S{\~a}o Paulo},
	abstract = {The Neotropical species of Pipunculus Latrielle (s. str.) are reviewed, P. ferepauculus Hardy is redescribed from the holotype, P. hardyi, sp. n. is described from Brazil, P. fuscus nitidiventris Loew is recorded for the first time in Mexico. A key to species is added.},
	keywords = {description, key, Mexico, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus ferepauculus, Pipunculus fuscus nitidiventris new record, Pipunculus hardyi new species},
	author = {Rafael, J. A.}
}
@article {1578,
	title = {Esp{\'e}cies de Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l do Peru (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, S{\'e}ries Zoologia},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {1991},
	note = {English title: Species ofEudorylas Acz{\'e}l from Peru (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	pages = {151-161},
	abstract = {Eight Eudorylas species are registered from Peru, including two new records and four new species, all from Huanuco, Tingo Maria: E. andinus, E. maurus, E. nigellus and E. tanycerus and two previously registered species which are redescribed from the types. The new combinations E. adunatus, E. peruensis and E. regalis (all from Pipunculus) are given. The other species discussed is E. brunnipennis.},
	keywords = {Eudorylas adunatus new combination, Eudorylas andinus new species, Eudorylas brunnipennis, Eudorylas maurus new species, Eudorylas nigellus new species, Eudorylas peruensis new comb, Eudorylas tanycerus new species, Peru, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus adunatus},
	author = {Rafael, J. A.}
}
@article {1588,
	title = {Pipunculidae (Diptera) da Esta{\c c}{\~a}o Ecol{\'o}gica de Marac{\'a} e da localidade de Pacaraima, Roraima, Brasil},
	journal = {Acta Amazonica},
	volume = {21},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	note = {English title: Pipunculidae (Diptera) from the Marac{\'a} Ecological Station and the locality of Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil},
	pages = {337-350},
	abstract = {The Pipunculidae species from Maraca Ecological Station and Pacaraima, Roraima, Brazil, are recorded. Sixteen species were identified at specific level. Of these, ten are new to science but only five are being described here; Amazunculus claripennis, Cephalosphaera pacaraima, C. semispiralis, Elmoharydia praecipua and E. roraimensis. (The following taxa are discussed. Chalarus connexus, Eudorylas dorsispinosus, Basileunculos interruptus, B. rex, Elmohardyia papaveroi, Tomosvaryella, and Amazunculus besti).},
	keywords = {Basileunculos interruptus, Basileunculos rex, Cephalosphaera pacaraima new species, Cephalosphaera semispiralis new species, Chalarus connexus, Elmohardyia papaveroi, Elmohardyia praecipua new species, Elmohardyia roraimensis new, Eudorylas dorsispinosus},
	author = {Rafael, J. A. and Rosa, M. S. S.}
}
@article {1700,
	title = {Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)},
	journal = {The Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {123},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {241-242},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Eudorylas sp. was recorded for the first time as a parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis and D. elimatus on maize in central Mexico.},
	keywords = {agricultural, cereals, entomology, Eudorylas, fields, hosts, insect pests, maize, Metadorylas, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Vega, Fernando E. and Barbosa, Pedro and Panduro, Alexandro P{\'e}rez}
}
@article {1717,
	title = {Morphologische indizien f{\"u}r das unmittelbare schwestergruppenverh{\"a}ltnis der Schizophora mit den Syrphoidea ({\textquoteright}Aschiza{\textquoteright}) in der phylogenetischen systematik der Cyclorrhapha (Diptera: Brachycera). [Morphological evidence for the direct sister group  relation},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {25},
	number = {6},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {1531-1570},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {The phylogenetic relationships of the Schizophora with the families of the Aschiza were investigated on the basis of synapomorphies. Depending on the family, the sensory epithelium of the retinae of the compound eyes of flies consists either of populations of 2 ommatidial elements or of uniform ommatidia: duotype and monotype, respectively. Within the Cyclorrhapha, the monotype occurs exclusively in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea (= Syrphidae + Pipunculidae), whereas the duotype occurs in the remaining Aschiza. These 2 types form a plesio-apomorphous pair: on the basis of character state analysis the duotype was regarded as plesiomorphous and the monotype proved to be a synapomorphy of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. The retinal pair was accorded a high relevance as an indicator of the the phylogenetic relationships in Cyclorrhapha owing to its special morphology and the very low probability of a parallel development of the apomorphous monotype. In this paper, the hypothesis of W. Hennig (1976) that the dorsobasal arista on the antennal flagellum in the Schizophora and Syrphoidea is a synapomorphy compared to the original apical arista was confirmed on the basis of literature studies. The monophyly of these 2 groups together, and their sister group relationship, were demonstrated in an argumentation scheme. 3 alterations of the conventional systematics of the Cyclorrhapha were undertaken: (a) the term {\textquoteright}Eumuscomorpha{\textquoteright} is introduced to designate a new monophyletic taxon of the Schizophora and Syrphoidea. (b) The remaining groups of the Aschiza are temporarily subsumed in a {\textquoteright}superfamily Platypezoidea{\textquoteright} owing to their manifestation of complementary symplesiomorphous characteristics. Until its phylogenetic character (monophyly or paraphyly) is unequivocally clarified, it remains an {\textquoteright}artificial{\textquoteright} entity. (c) The term {\textquoteright}Aschiza{\textquoteright} is for a taxon of the genealogical system no longer applicable.},
	keywords = {Aschiza, Brachycera, comparative morphology, compound eye, Cyclorrhapha, Diptera, phylogenetic, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, relationship, retina, Schizophora, Syrphoidea, systematics, taxonomy},
	author = {Wada, S.}
}
@article {1718,
	title = {Morphologische regionale differenzierungen der retina und des facettenrasters vom komplexauge der Pipunculidae (Diptera : Cyclorrhapha): ein neuartiges retinales muster der fliegen (Brachycera). [Morphological differentiation of retinal regions of the com},
	journal = {International Journal of Insect Morphology and Embryology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {3},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {103-118},
	abstract = {The retinae of the compound eyes of several species of Pipunculidae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha), belonging to the subfamilies Chalarinae and Pipunculinae, were investigated in semithin sections in both sexes of the representative species. Whereas the boundary of the dorsal and ventral retinular cells in a mirror-image configuration is at the equator in the male, in the female it is situated in the anterior of the eye at the level of the upper frons, and is located above the equator only in the lateral region. In the frontal view, it constitutes a concave arch to frontofacial region. The facets of the corneal lenses are strikingly enlarged in the anterior region of the eyes, compared with those in the remainder of the eye in the female. This area with the large-faceted ommatidia, was determined in more detail in total views as well as in histological preparations and compared with the eye of the male. In the frontal region, the mirror-image boundary in the retina of the female coincides exactly with the boundary between the large-faceted central and small-faceted peripheral ommatidia. By examining the dichoptic eyes of the Chalarus male, it has been demonstrated that the arcuate mirror-image boundary in the retinae of females is not associated with their dichoptic eye position. This is an example of sexual dimorphism. The retinal pattern of the female described in this paper was not found in other 37 families of the flies investigated till now. This new type of the retina of the suborder Brachycera (including Cyclorrhapha) is to be subsumed under the synapomorphic ground plans of the Pipunculidae. At the same time, it proves to be an autapomorphic characteristic of the family.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, anatomy, compound eye, compound eyes, Cyclorrhapha, Diptera, gender difference, histology, mirror-image boundary, morphology, natural enemies, new type of retinal, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, retina, sense organs, sexual dimorphism},
	author = {Wada, S.}
}
@article {1777,
	title = {Record of Dorylomorpha imparata Collin (Diptera, Pipunculidae), new record from the Kuriles},
	journal = {Japanese Journal of Entomology},
	volume = {59},
	number = {2},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {274},
	keywords = {Dorylomorpha imparata, Kuriles, new record, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Yano, K. and Morakote, R.}
}
