@article {974,
	title = {Pipunculidae (Diptera) of moist meadows on the Mazovian Lowland},
	journal = {Memorabilia Zoologica},
	volume = {43},
	year = {1989},
	note = {NOTE: diacritical marks missing from author{\textquoteright}s name},
	pages = {349-351},
	keywords = {Pipunculidae},
	author = {Bankowska, Regina}
}
@mastersthesis {1098,
	title = {Taxonomische, systematische en zoogeografische revisie van de genusgroep Cephalops Fall{\'e}n (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	year = {1989},
	note = {625 pp.},
	school = {University of Antwerp},
	type = {Ph.D.},
	keywords = {Cephalops, Pipunculidae, systematics, taxonomy, zoogeography},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@article {1099,
	title = {The West-Palaearctic species of the pipunculid genera Cephalops and Beckerias (Diptera): classification, phylogeny and geographical distribution},
	journal = {Journal of Natural History},
	volume = {23},
	number = {4},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {725-765},
	address = {London},
	abstract = {The west-Palaearctic species of Cephalops and Beckerias are revised. Sixteen species are recognized including one new to science. Among the taxonomic changes proposed: C. curtifrons is considered a junior synonym of Beckerias pannonicus. The results of a phenetic and cladistic analysis are given. Berkerias is considered to be closely related to Cephalops but is still treated as a separate genus until the phylogeny of the pipunculid genera is better understood. A key and diagnostic descriptions are given for all species. The male and female terminalia and other taxonomically significant structures are illustrated. The geographical distribution is given as far as known.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, anatomy, Beckerias, beneficial insects, Cephalops, classification, distribution, keys, morphology, natural enemies, new species, Palaearctic Region, parasitoids, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, synonyms, taxonomy, zoogeography},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@article {1100,
	title = {Systematics of the Nearctic species of the genus Cephalops Fall{\'e}n (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {99-130},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {The Nearctic species of Cephalops Fallen (including Cephalosphaera Enderlein) are revised, 22 species are recognized including 13 new species. Four species groups are distinghished: the Cephalosphaera group: C. maximus (Hardy), C. reductus sp. nov. C, appendiculatus (Cresson), C. acuminatus (Cresson), C. filicerus sp. nov., C. biscaynei (Cresson), C. brevis (Cresson); the aeneus group:C. longistylis sp. nov., C. grootaerti sp. nov., C. pallidivittipes sp. nov., and C. furnaceus sp. nov.; the semifumosus group: C. mainensis (Cresson), C. varius (Cresson), C. longiductulis sp. nov., C. curvarmatus sp. nov., C. pallipes (Johnson), C. digitatus sp. nov., and C. hardyi sp. nov. The vestitus group: containing banksi (Aczel), griseus sp. nov., floridae sp. nov., and parafloridae sp. nov. is considered as a separate genus: MICROCEPHALOPS gen. nov. (M. banksi) (Aczel, 1940) comb. nov. (Pipunculus banksi), in order to ensure monophyly of the genus group Cephalops-Beckerias-Wittella. C. eronis (Curran) is considered to be synonymous with C. appendiculatus (Cresson). This species, formerly placed in Parapipunctulus Rafael, is found to be a true Cephalops sp. and has to be replaced in this genus. The geographic distribution of all species is given, and their phylogenetic relationship to the West-Palaearctic Cephalops spp. is discussed.},
	keywords = {Cephalops cu, Cephalops filicerus new species, Cephalops furnaceus new species, Cephalops grootaerti new species, Cephalops longiductulis new species, Cephalops longistylis new species, Cephalops pallidivittipes new species, Cephalops reductus new species},
	author = {De Meyer, M.}
}
@inbook {1101,
	title = {A synthesis of the present knowledge of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in Belgium},
	booktitle = {Invertebres de Belgique. Comptes Rendus du Symposium "Invertebres de Belgique", Bruxelles, 25-26 Nov. 1988},
	year = {1989},
	note = {468 pp.; unclear whether this is a book section or a journal article},
	pages = {373-377},
	publisher = {Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique},
	organization = {Institut Royal de Sciences Naturelles de Belgique},
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	keywords = {Belgium, faunistics, phenology, Pipunculidae, review},
	author = {De Meyer, M.},
	editor = {Wouters, K. , and Baert, L}
}
@article {1125,
	title = {Contribution to the pipunculid fauna of Scandinavia (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Fauna Norvegica Series B},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {129-132},
	abstract = {Notes are provided on the distribution of 33 species of pipunculids (a family of flies that parasitize Auchenorrhyncha) from Norway and Sweden; 7 have apparently not previously ben been recorded from Scandinavia.Abstract 2: Scandinavian Pipunculidae in the collections of the University of Bergen; Museum of Zoology, Lund; and in the private collection of T.R. Nielsen, Sandnes, have been examined. 33 species were identified of which 7 were apparently not previously recorded from Scandinavia: Nephrocerus scutellatus (Macquart, 1834), Pipunculus fonsecai Coe, 1966, Pipunculus tenuirostris Kozanek, 1981, Eudorylas jenkinsoni Coe, 1966, Eudorylas obscurus Coe, 1966, Dorylomorpha rufipes (Meigen 1842), and Tomosvaryella palliditarsis (Collin, 1931). A list of the localities is presented. The genera Chalarus Walker and Cephalops Fallen are not included in this article.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, distribution, Eudorylas, geographical distribution, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, Nephrocerus scutellatus new record, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus fonsecai new record, Pipunculus tenuirostris new record, taxonomy},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc and Backeljau, Thierry and Janssens, Luc}
}
@article {1130,
	title = {Seasonal occurrence and voltinism of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in Belgium},
	journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {71-81},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {From observations over a period of 7 years (1981-87), the seasonal incidence and voltinity of 37 species of Pipunculidae (which are parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha) in Belgium is reported.Abstract 2: The annual modality of 37 Pipunculidae (Diptera) species occurring in Belgium is discussed. The results are based on data from 28 site-year cycles of Malaise traps (occasionally emergence and water traps) and material collected by handsweepings. Voltinism is detected and a seasonal sequence pattern is composed for the species discussed, showing a temporal distribution between univoltine and bivoltine species during the Summer. The results are compared with those from some other West and Central European countries. Intraspecific variability, probably caused by geographical as well as climatological differences, is discussed for some common species. Interspecific variability among closely related species is discussed as well as sex-ratios of the captures in the Malaise traps.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Belgium, beneficial insects, biology, climate, insectpests, intraspecific variability, natural enemies, parasitoids, phenology, Pipunculidae, zoogeography},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc and De Bruyn, Luc}
}
@article {1136,
	title = {A short note on the pipunculid fauna of the Belgian dunes (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin et Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie},
	volume = {125},
	number = {10-12},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {332-334},
	address = {Brussels},
	keywords = {Belgium, dunes, Pipunculidae},
	author = {De Meyer, M. and Grootaert, P. and Haghebaert, G.}
}
@article {1172,
	title = {Comparative functional morphology of the wings of Diptera},
	journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society},
	volume = {96},
	number = {1},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {27-47},
	abstract = {Wings of representative species of the order Diptera were compared with a simple model structure in which corrugated spars diverge from a V-shaped leading edge spar. Both develop torsion and camber when subjected to aerodynamic loads, forming a propeller shape. Both the leading edge and the cubitus of flies{\textquoteright} wings twist basally, allowing camber to be set up as the media hinges up or down at the arculus. Three different wing types were identified: stiff wings possessing 2 or 3 main spars; and wings capable of ventral flexion. In wings possessing only 2 spars, found mainly in the Nematocera, control of camber is achieved largely by the use of cross veins. Wing control and flight are generally imprecise. The 3rd spar, found in most Brachycera, in the Syrphidae and in the Conopidae controls camber and helps support a broader wing. Finer control of camber is exerted by marginal cross veins, and these insects generally have precise, darting flight. Ventral flexion mechanisms are found in the Simuliidae, the Stratiomyiidae, and widely in the Schizophora. Control of ventral flexion, which occurs at the end of the downstroke, allows fast, unpredictable manoeuvres. Functional similarities indicate either phylogenetic relationship or convergence.},
	keywords = {Conopidae, Pipunculidae, wings},
	author = {Ennos, A. Roland}
}
@book {1183,
	title = {Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions},
	series = {Bishop Museum Special Publication, series 86},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {1155},
	publisher = {Bishop Museum Press \& E.J. Brill},
	organization = {Bishop Museum Press \& E.J. Brill},
	address = {Honolulu, Hawaii},
	keywords = {Australasian Region, Australia, catalogue, Oceanian Region, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Evenhuis, N. L.},
	editor = {Evenhuis, Neal L.}
}
@article {1217,
	title = {An elusive pipunculid fly trapped in Norwich},
	journal = {Norfolk \& Norwich Naturalists Society Transactions},
	volume = {28},
	number = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {241-242},
	keywords = {Norwich, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Green, S. V.}
}
@article {1224,
	title = {Biological control of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers in Andhra Pradesh},
	journal = {Plant Protection Bulletin Faridabad},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {6-11},
	abstract = {The natural enemies of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the cicadellids Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus on rice in Andhra Pradesh, India, are discussed. The mymarid Anagrus sp. and the trichogrammatid Oligosita sp. are the most common egg parasitoids of Nilaparvata lugens, while another mymarid, Gonatocerus sp., and another trichogrammatid, Paracentrobia sp., attack eggs of Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus. Dryindids, pipunculids and strepsiterans parasitize the nymphs and adults of delaphacids and cicadellids. Among the predators, the mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Coccinella arcuata [Harmonia octomaculata] prey on Nilaparvata lugens, while all 4 pest species are attacked by the veliid Microvelia sp. and by several species of Araneae. The main pathogens infecting these pests include Beauveria bassiana, which attacks Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus during September-November, and Entomophthora fumosa, which infects Nilaparvata lugens during September.},
	keywords = {agricultural entom, beneficial arthropods, biological control, biological control agents, cereals, control, entomogenous fungi, fields, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, pathogens, pest control, predators, predatory arthropods, prey, rice},
	author = {Gupta, M. and Pawar, A. D.}
}
@inbook {1278,
	title = {50. Family Pipunculidae},
	booktitle = {Catalogue of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions},
	volume = {86},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Bishop Museum Special Publication 86; 1155 pp. in book},
	pages = {433-436},
	publisher = {Bishop Museum Press and E.G. Brill},
	organization = {Bishop Museum Press and E.G. Brill},
	keywords = {Australasian and Oceanic Regions, catalogue, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Hardy, D. E.},
	editor = {Evenhuis, N. L.}
}
@inbook {1408,
	title = {New data on Syrphidae and Pipunculidae (Diptera : Syrphoidea) fauna of the Latvian SSR},
	booktitle = {[Recent problems of zoology : collected scientific papers]},
	year = {1989},
	note = {177 pp.Not OCR{\textquoteright}d - Russian},
	pages = {163-174},
	publisher = {P. Stuckas Latvijas Valsts universitate},
	organization = {P. Stuckas Latvijas Valsts universitate},
	address = {Riga},
	keywords = {Latvian SSR, new data, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {Kuznetzov, S.},
	editor = {Zorenko, T. A.}
}
@article {1409,
	title = {New fly species for the fauna of the USSR from the family Syrphidae and Pipunculidae (Diptera, Syrphoidea) in Latvia},
	journal = {Latvijas Psr Zinatnu Akademijas Vestis},
	volume = {5},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {101-105},
	keywords = {checklist, Latvia, Pipunculidae, Syrphidae, Syrphoidea, USSR},
	author = {Kuznetzov, S. Y.}
}
@inbook {1481,
	title = {Subordinate groups of the Muscomorpha: Aschiza and Schizophora},
	booktitle = {Manual of Nearctic Diptera},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {1419-1424},
	publisher = {Research Branch, Agriculture Canada},
	organization = {Research Branch, Agriculture Canada},
	edition = {Monograph 32},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cladistics, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {McAlpine, J. F.},
	editor = {McAlpine, J. F. and Wood, D. M.}
}
@inbook {1482,
	title = {Phylogeny and classification of the Muscomorpha},
	booktitle = {Manual of Nearctic Diptera},
	volume = {3},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {1397-1505},
	publisher = {Research Branch, Agriculture Canada},
	organization = {Research Branch, Agriculture Canada},
	edition = {Monograph 32},
	address = {Ottawa},
	keywords = {cladistics, Cyclorrhapa, Muscomorpha, phylogeny, Pipunculidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {McAlpine, J. F.},
	editor = {McAlpine, J. F.}
}
@article {1535,
	title = {Faunistic records from Czechoslovakia. Diptera},
	journal = {Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca},
	volume = {86},
	number = {4},
	year = {1989},
	note = {Pipunculidae section not on the above cited pages. Check again.},
	pages = {314-315},
	address = {Praha},
	keywords = {Pipunculidae},
	author = {Olejn{\'\i}cek, Jir{\'\i} and Koz{\'a}nek, Milan}
}
@article {1572,
	title = {Descri{\c c}{\~a}o de duas esp{\'e}cies novas de Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l (Diptera: Pipunculidae) de floresta inund{\'a}vel e de terra firme nas proximidades de Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil},
	journal = {Amazoniana},
	volume = {10},
	number = {4},
	year = {1989},
	note = {English title: Description of 2 new species of Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of inundation forest and terra firme near Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil},
	pages = {401-405},
	abstract = {Two new species of Eudorylas ACZEL collected in inundation and dryland forests are described from Manaus vicinity: E. consimilis n. sp. and E. pachymerus n. sp.},
	keywords = {Eudorylas consimilis new species, Eudorylas pachymerus new species, Pipunculidae, taxonomy, zoogeography},
	author = {Rafael, J. A.}
}
@article {1587,
	title = {Novas esp{\'e}cies de Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l da Esta{\c c}{\~a}o Ecol{\'o}gica de Marac{\'a}, Roraima, Brasil (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Rio De Janeiro},
	volume = {84},
	number = {4},
	year = {1989},
	note = {issued in 1990; English title: Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l new species from the Marac{\'a} Ecological Station, Roraima, Brazil (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	pages = {449-454},
	abstract = {Five new species of Eudorylas Aczel are described from Maraca Ecological Station, Roraima, Brazil, namely: E. aquinoi, E. bentoni, E. caccabatus, E. megasurstylus and E. souzalopesi.},
	keywords = {descriptions, Eudorylas aquinoi new species, Eudorylas bentoni new species, Eudorylas caccabatus new species, Eudorylas megaasurstylus new species, Eudorylas souzalopesi new species, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Rafael, Jos{\'e} Albertino and Rosa, Maria do Socorro dos Santos}
}
@article {1610,
	title = {Asilidae, Bombyliidae, Conopidae, and Pipunculidae (Diptera) of Dominica, West Indies},
	journal = {Florida Entomologist},
	volume = {72},
	number = {3},
	year = {1989},
	note = {publisher: Gainesville, Fla. : Florida Entomological Society},
	pages = {519-537},
	address = {Gainesville},
	abstract = {The fauna of predaceous and parasitoid flies of Dominica appears to be relatively poorly developed, as represented by the Asilidae (4 species), Bombyliidae (5), Conopidae (1), and Pipunculidae (9). One species of Asilidae (Cerotainia melanosoma) and 2 species of Pipunculidae (Tomosvaryella spangleri and Metadorylas dominicensis) are described as new. The females of Efferia nigrimystaceus (Macquart) and Tomosvaryella tuberculata Hardy are described for the first time. Keys to the Pipunculidae and to the Cerotainia known or likely to occur in the West Indies are included. (Villa lateralis, Ommatius dimidiatus, O. villosus, Chrysanthrax gorgon, Zodion americanum, Chalarus spurius spurius, Tomosvaryella subvirescens, T. scopulata, Pipunculus williamsi, P. spinitibialis, and Metadorylus sp. are described.)},
	keywords = {Cerotainia melanosoma new species, Chalarus spuri, Chrysanthrax gorgon, Efferia nigrimystaceus, Metadorylas dominicensis new species, Ommatius dimidiatus, Ommatius villosus, Tomosvaryella spangleri new species, Tomosvaryella tuberculata, Zodion americanum},
	author = {Scarbrough, A. G. and Knutson, L. V.}
}
@book {1660,
	title = {An introduction to the immature stages of British Flies},
	series = {Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects},
	volume = {10, Part 1},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {280},
	publisher = {Royal Entomological Society of London},
	organization = {Royal Entomological Society of London},
	address = {London, England},
	keywords = {and genera, figures, general life history information, keys to families, Lonchopteridae, Phoridae, Pipunculidae, Platypezidae, Syrphidae, tribes},
	author = {Smith, K. G. V.},
	editor = {Dolling, W. R. and Askew, R. R.}
}
@article {1714,
	title = {A 28s ribosomal RNA phylogeny of certain cyclorrhaphous Diptera based upon  a hypervariable region},
	journal = {Systematic Entomology},
	volume = {14},
	number = {4},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {417-431},
	address = {Oxford},
	keywords = {Aschiza, cladistics, Cyclorrhapha, molecular systematics, Pipunculidae, Syrphoidea},
	author = {Vossbrinck, Charles  R. , and Friedman, S.}
}
@article {1768,
	title = {The big-headed flies of Shaanxi (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Entomotaxonomia},
	volume = {11},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {157-162},
	abstract = {This paper treats of descriptions of six new species from Shannxi. The diagnostic characters are given. (The new species of Verallia triloba, Pipunculus huashanensis, P. altenuatus, P. orthogoninus, P. hardyi and P. revolutus.)},
	keywords = {description, diagnostic characters, Dipte, Pipunculus attenuatus new species, Pipunculus hardyi new species, Pipunculus huashanensis new species, Pipunculus orthogoninus new species, Pipunculus revolutus new species, Shaanxi, Verrallia triloba new species},
	author = {Yang, C. k. and Xu, Y.}
}
