@article {921,
	title = {Rice pests},
	year = {1985},
	note = {pages: 37-43},
	month = {1985},
	institution = {Ministry of Agriculture and Community Development; Sarawak},
	abstract = {The results are presented of investigations on the incidence, injuriousness and chemical control of various insect pests of rice in Sarawak. Up to 10\% parasitism of Nephotettix spp., Sogatella furcifera, Tettigella spectra [Cofana spectra] and Recilia dorsalis by pipunculids, dryinids and Strepsiptera is reported.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, agricultural research, biology, cereals, chemical control, control, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, parasites, pest control, pests, Pipunculidae, rice}
}
@article {963,
	title = {Pupation site and overwintering of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {11-15},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {Information is presented on the pupation site and overwintering of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, parasitoids of the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps, from field studies in the Yamaguchi area of Japan in 1979-80. The results suggested that there are two types of overwintering in this area. In the first type, the parasitoids oviposit between mid-August and early September and adults emerge between late October and early December. The eggs oviposited at this stage hatch in the hosts, overwinter as 1st-instar larvae, pupate in early April and adults emerge in May to early June. In the second type, oviposition occurs between early and mid-October and larvae escape in mid- to late November, overwinter in the pupal stage and emerge the following spring. Between January and April, 1980, parasitism of 4th-5th-instar nymphs of N. cincticeps was 0-17\% while that of adults was 0-14\%.},
	keywords = {beneficial insects, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, overwintering, parasitoids, phenology, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, Pipunculus orientalis, pupation, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Asai, I. and Yano, K.}
}
@article {1110,
	title = {Revision of the Afrotropical species of Cephalops Fall{\'e}n (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Journal of African Zoology},
	volume = {106},
	number = {1},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {81-111},
	abstract = {The 25 species of Cephalops known from the Afrotropical region are revised. The genus Cephalops belongs to the family Pipunculidae, a group of small to medium-sized flies that are known as parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha during their larval stage.Abstract 2: The Afrotropical species of the genus Cephalops Fallen are revised. In all, 25 species are recognized from this region. Three species are described as new to science: C. inflatus sp. n., C. ugandensis sp. n., and C. splendens sp. n. C. mauritianus (Hardy) and C. intimilobus (Hardy) are considered to be synonymous with C. visendus (Hardy). C. reconditus (Hardy) is a synonym of C. obtusus (Hardy). C. lucidus (Hardy), formerly placed under Cephalosphaera, is considered to be a true Cephalops species. The phylogenetic relationship of the Afrotropical Cephalops species is discussed in a worldwide perspective. The male and female terminalia are illustrated for all species for which they could be studied in detail, and their geographical distribution is given. An identification key is presented.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Ceph, Cephalops inflatus new species, Cephalops mauritianus, Cephalops splendens new species, Cephalops ugandensis new species, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, taxonomy, tropics},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc}
}
@article {1125,
	title = {Contribution to the pipunculid fauna of Scandinavia (Diptera, Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Fauna Norvegica Series B},
	volume = {36},
	number = {2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {129-132},
	abstract = {Notes are provided on the distribution of 33 species of pipunculids (a family of flies that parasitize Auchenorrhyncha) from Norway and Sweden; 7 have apparently not previously ben been recorded from Scandinavia.Abstract 2: Scandinavian Pipunculidae in the collections of the University of Bergen; Museum of Zoology, Lund; and in the private collection of T.R. Nielsen, Sandnes, have been examined. 33 species were identified of which 7 were apparently not previously recorded from Scandinavia: Nephrocerus scutellatus (Macquart, 1834), Pipunculus fonsecai Coe, 1966, Pipunculus tenuirostris Kozanek, 1981, Eudorylas jenkinsoni Coe, 1966, Eudorylas obscurus Coe, 1966, Dorylomorpha rufipes (Meigen 1842), and Tomosvaryella palliditarsis (Collin, 1931). A list of the localities is presented. The genera Chalarus Walker and Cephalops Fallen are not included in this article.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, distribution, Eudorylas, geographical distribution, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, Nephrocerus scutellatus new record, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus fonsecai new record, Pipunculus tenuirostris new record, taxonomy},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc and Backeljau, Thierry and Janssens, Luc}
}
@article {1126,
	title = {Contribution to the knowledge of the pipunculid fauna of the Netherlands (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam},
	volume = {50},
	number = {9},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {122- 126},
	abstract = {Data are presented on 23 species of pipunculids new to the fauna of the Netherlands; information is included on the known hosts (cicadellids and delphacids) of some of these parasitoids. A list is presented of the 48 species of pipunculids now known from the Netherlands.Absract 2: A contribution to the knowledge of the pipunculid fauna of The Netherlands is presented. 23 species are recorded for the first time. The Dutch pipunculid fauna is compared with the fauna of other European countries and a list is given of all species hitherto known from The Netherlands.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, distribution, Europe, geographical distribution, hosts, natural enemies, new records, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {De Meyer, M. and Beuk, P. L. Th. and Lucas, J. A. W.}
}
@article {1128,
	title = {On the phenology of some Pipunculidae (Diptera) in Belgium},
	journal = {Bulletin et Annales de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Royale belge d{\textquoteright}Entomologie},
	volume = {120},
	number = {4-6},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {123-131},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {Of the 9 spp. discussed, 3 are univoltine (Verrallia aucta, V. setosa and Pipunculus thomsoni). Four are bivoltine (Dorylomorpha xanthopus, Alloneura sylvatica, Cephalops semifumosus and Eudorylas subterminalis). No conclusions can be made regarding the voltinity of Chalarus spurius because of the taxonomic complexity of this species. P. campestris has probably 2 generations a year. The results agree with earlier investigations in Great Britain (UK) except for Cephalops semifumosus which in Belgium seems to occur slightly later than stated in the study of Rothschild, 1964. These conclusions are based on small numbers of individuals; therefore, the results could not be tested statistically.Abstract 2: The seasonal appearance of adults of 9 species of pipunculids, of which the larvae parasitize Homoptera, was studied in Belgium by means of Malaise and emergence traps, with a view to determining the number of generations per year produced by each species; 3 appeared to be univoltine, 4 and probably 5 were bivoltine, and no definite conclusion could be drawn about the 9th species. The pipunculids attacking bugs of economic importance included the univoltine Verrallia aucta on the adults of Philaenus spumarius, the bivoltine Dorylomorpha xanthopus on Psammotettix confinis and the bivoltine Pipunculus campestris on Psammotettix confinis and Euscelis plebeja.},
	keywords = {Alloneura sylvatica, b, Cephalops semifumosus, Chalarus spurius, distribution, Dorylomorpha xanthopus, Eudorylas subterminalis, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, Pipunculus campestris, Pipunculus thomsoni, UK, Verrallia aucta, Verrallia setosa, voltinity},
	author = {De Meyer, M. and De Bruyn, L.}
}
@article {1133,
	title = {Pipunculidae (Diptera) from Papua New Guinea: the genera Cephalosphaera, Cephalops and Beckerias},
	journal = {Zoologica Scripta},
	volume = {19},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {403-412},
	address = {Stockholm},
	abstract = {Seven new species of Pipunculidae (a family that is known to parasitize Auchenorrhyncha) are described from Papua New Guinea, and one new combination is proposed.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Beckerias, beneficial insects, Cephalops, Cephalosphaera, hosts, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc and Grootaert, Patrick}
}
@inbook {1204,
	title = {The insect parasites of leafhoppers and related groups},
	booktitle = {The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers},
	year = {1985},
	note = {500 pages in book in total},
	pages = {423-467},
	publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	organization = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	address = {New York},
	abstract = {This account of the insect parasites (and hyperparasites) of leafhoppers includes a summary of parasite groups (especially Halictophagidae, Pipunculidae and Dryinidae) of 22 subfamilies of Cicadellidae (and 3 related families) and a host-parasite list (with about 100 species of cicadellids parasitized by halictophagids, about 150 by pipunculids, about 200 by dryinids, about 60 by mymarids, about 30 by trichogrammatids and others by epipyropids, eulophids, aphelinids, encyrtids and diapriids).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Freytag, P. H.},
	editor = {Nault, L. R. and Rodriguez, J. G.}
}
@conference {1205,
	title = {The parasites of Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance},
	year = {1987},
	note = {28th July-1st August 1986},
	pages = {253-255},
	address = {Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA},
	abstract = {Natural enemies of the maize pest Graminella nigrifrons in eastern North America were studied over several years. Notes are provided on a mermithid nematode, 3 pipunculid flies, a strepsipteran, 2 dryinids and an encyrtid that were found.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biological controla gents, cereals, entomopathogens, Entomophilic nematodes, hosts, larvae, maize, natural enemies, nematology, parasites, pathogens, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Freytag, P. H.},
	editor = {Wilson, M. R. and Nault, L. R.}
}
@article {1224,
	title = {Biological control of rice leafhoppers and planthoppers in Andhra Pradesh},
	journal = {Plant Protection Bulletin Faridabad},
	volume = {41},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {6-11},
	abstract = {The natural enemies of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the cicadellids Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus on rice in Andhra Pradesh, India, are discussed. The mymarid Anagrus sp. and the trichogrammatid Oligosita sp. are the most common egg parasitoids of Nilaparvata lugens, while another mymarid, Gonatocerus sp., and another trichogrammatid, Paracentrobia sp., attack eggs of Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus. Dryindids, pipunculids and strepsiterans parasitize the nymphs and adults of delaphacids and cicadellids. Among the predators, the mirid Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Coccinella arcuata [Harmonia octomaculata] prey on Nilaparvata lugens, while all 4 pest species are attacked by the veliid Microvelia sp. and by several species of Araneae. The main pathogens infecting these pests include Beauveria bassiana, which attacks Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus during September-November, and Entomophthora fumosa, which infects Nilaparvata lugens during September.},
	keywords = {agricultural entom, beneficial arthropods, biological control, biological control agents, cereals, control, entomogenous fungi, fields, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, pathogens, pest control, predators, predatory arthropods, prey, rice},
	author = {Gupta, M. and Pawar, A. D.}
}
@article {1302,
	title = {Breeding methods for Pipunculidae (Diptera), endoparasites of leafhoppers},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {9},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	note = {Poor quality scan - OCR not useful},
	pages = {14-15},
	abstract = {Pipunculid larvae are endoparasites of several cicadellid and delphacid rice pests. Details are given of the techniques developed in the German Federal Republic to rear the pipunculids Pipunculus campestris, Eudorylas subterminalis and Tomosvaryella sylvatica in the laboratory. The parasites had been collected with one of their hosts, the cicadellid Euscelis incisa, in the field in Berlin. E. incisa was reared on faba bean (Vicia faba) plants.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biololgical control, cereals, distribution, faba beans, food plants, hosts, natural enemies, parasites, pests, Pipunculidae, rearing techniques, techniques},
	author = {Huq, S.}
}
@article {1304,
	title = {{\"U}ber Eudorylas subterminalis Coll. (Dipt., Pipunculidae) als parasit bei Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West) [Studies on Eudorylas subterminalis (Diptera, Pipunculidae) parasitizing some Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West)]},
	journal = {Anzeiger fur Sch{\"a}dlingskunde, Pflanzenschutz, Umweltschutz},
	volume = {58},
	number = {8},
	year = {1985},
	note = {English title: On Eudorylas subterminalis Coll. (Dipt., Pipunculidae) as a parasite of Cicadellidae (Homoptera) in West Berlin; another English title: Studies on Eudorylas subterminalis (Diptera, Pipunculidae) parasitizing some cicadellidae (Homoptera) in Berlin (West)},
	pages = {147-149},
	abstract = {The host-seeking and oviposition behaviour and the host-specificity of a pipunculid parasite of cicadellids, Eudorylas subterminalis, was studied in West Berlin. Visual stimuli appeared to be the most important factors in the location of a host by the ovipositing females, and only the 2nd-, 3rd- and 4th-instar nymphs were selected. The parasite egg was inserted into the host haemocoel between the 4th and 5th tergites. E. subterminalis was not host-specific and attacked any member of the family Cicadellidae (including Euscelidae). The pipunculid species so far recorded from West Berlin by various authors (3 species of Eudorylas, 3 of Pipunculus and 1 of Tomosvaryella) are listed together with their 20 host species, of which some were of economic importance; E. subterminalis and T. sylvatica had the widest host range.Abstract 2: During a stay at Berlin (West) in 1977/80 studies were conducted on the host-searching, oviposition and host-specificity of Eudorylas subterminalis, a parasitic fly species of Pipunculidae. The visual orientation of the female fly plays undoubtedly a dominant role in searching the host. The female fly usually selects for oviposition only second, third and fourth instar nymphs of the cicadellid hosts. The first instar nymph is rarely attacked, while fifth instar is not accepted at all. The female oviposits within the haemocoel between fourth and fifth tergital region of the host. The fly is unspecific and attacks species of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae. The records of Pipunculidae and their hosts in Berlin (West) have also been stated.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, behaviour, biology, distribution records, Eudorylas subterminalis, hemocoel, host search, host specificity, hosts, natural enemies, NYMPH, oviposition, parasites, Pipunculidae, visual orientation, West Germany},
	author = {Huq, Syed Bazlul}
}
@article {1306,
	title = {Studies on the mating behaviour including some biological aspects of Eudorylas subterminalis Collin (Diptera: Pipunculidae), endoparasite of cicadellid leafhoppers (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)},
	journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Angewandte Zoologie},
	volume = {73},
	number = {3},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {281-292},
	abstract = {Mating in Eudorylas subterminalis Collin is preceded by chasing of the female by a male. It appears to be bivoltine and overwinters in the pupal stage outside the host body. Emergence of the parasitoid from the host{\textquoteright}s body takes place either in late nymphal (5th instar) or adult host. Pupation occurs in soil or inside surface rubbishes and is completed within 24 to 36 hours after emergence of the larvae from the hosts. At emergence from the pupa, the fly always ruptures the puparium along the definite lines. Pupal stadium durates on an average 19.2 days for male and 21.8 days for female. The rate of parasitism obtained in the laboratory was as great as 52.57\%. Effects of parasitism become evident, when the parasitoid matures, this results in gross distortion of the host{\textquoteright}s abdomen, causing separation of sternites, tergites and pleurites. Parasitization of females may result in non-development or much shortening in length of the ovipositor. Abdomen becomes emptied due to consumption by the parasitoid.Abstract 2: Mating behaviour was studied in Eudorylas subterminalis (a parasite of cicadellids, including Psammotettix sp.) in the laboratory, and aspects of its biology were studied in the laboratory and field in West Berlin. Mating was preceded by chasing of the female by the male. The pipunculid appeared to be bivoltine, overwintering in the pupal stage. The larval parasite emerged from the 5th-instar nymph or adult of its host and pupated 24-36 h later in the soil or among surface litter. The duration of the pupal stage averaged 19.2 days in the male and 21.8 days in the female. Up to 52.57\% parasitism occurred in the laboratory. As the parasite developed, it caused the host{\textquoteright}s body to become grossly distorted, with separation of the sternites, tergites and pleurites. In parasitized female hosts, the ovipositor was sometimes short or absent.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biology, Eudorylas subterminalis, hosts, mating behaviour, natural enemies, parasites, parasitism, Pipunculidae, pupal stage},
	author = {Huq, Syed Bazlul}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {Parasitism of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler by Alloneura oryzaetora, Eudorylas cruciator and Eudorylas tsuboii (Pipunculidae: Diptera) in southern rice cultural area},
	journal = {Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Plant, Environment, Mycology and Farm Products Utilization, Korea Republic},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Written in Chinese - not OCR{\textquoteright}d (Abstract in English)},
	pages = {82-85},
	address = {Suwon, Korea},
	abstract = {The rate of parasitism by pipunculids on the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps was investigated in field studies in the Korea Republic. Of 3 species of pipunculid parasitoids present (Alloneura oryzaetora [Tomosvaryella oryzaetora], Eudorylas cruciator [Pipunculus mutillatus] and E. tsuboii [P. javanensis]), T. oryzaetora was the most dominant. Parasitism in the nymphal stage was 16.0\% for the overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the 1st generation on a fallow field, and 29.7 and 4.0\% for the 2nd and 3rd generations, respectively, on rice. The 4 peaks of parasitism occurred in late June, early and late August and early September.Abstract 2: This study was carried out to investigate the parasitism of Pipunculidae parasites to the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler in southern rice cultural area, Chinju, Korea. The percentages of parasitism in the nymphal stage of Nephotetix cincticeps at each generation were 16.0\% for overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the first generation on fallow field, 29.7\% for the second generation and 14.0\% for the third generation on paddy field, respectively. The four peaks of occurrence of Pipunculidae parasites (Diptera) in paddy field were observed late June, early and late August and early September. We found three species of Pipunculidae parasites, Alloneura oryzaetora Koizumi, Eudorylas cruciator Perkins and Eudorylas tsuboii Koizumi from the green rice leafhopper. Alloneura oryzaetora was dominant nymphal parasitoid among the three parasites.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biology, cereals, Eudorylas cruciator, Eudorylas tsuboii, fields, habitats, hosts, Korea, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Kim, J. P. and Kim, C. H.}
}
@article {1506,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part II. The genus Chalarus Walker},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {161-181},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 2nd part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, the genus Chalarus (members of which are parasitoids of Cicadellidae) is dealt with. Ten species (including 7 newly described) are dealt with and keyed. For 2 previously described species, information on known hosts in other countries is included.Abstract 2: The genus Chalarus Walker is recorded from Japan for the first time. Ten including seven new species are presented with key descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. (The new species are the following: C. flosculus, C. unilacertus, C. magnalus, C. angustifrons, C. konishii, C. rectifrons and C. kamijoi. The other species are C. spurins, C. latifrons and C. fimbriatus).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Cha, Chalarus angustifrons new species, Chalarus flosculus new species, Chalarus magnalus new species, Chalarus unilacertus new species, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {1507,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part III. The genus Cephalops Fall{\'e}n},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {183-214},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 3rd part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, the genus Cephalops (members of which are parasitoids of Delphacidae) is dealt with. A key to the 13 species in Japan (9 of them newly described) is included.Abstract 2: Thirteen species of the genus Cephalops Fallen are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Three of them are newly recorded from Japan and nine of them are new to science. (The new species are the following: C. hirashimai, C. hikosanus, C. honshuensis, C. sapporoensis, C. pacatus, C. metallicus, C. incohatus, C. yoshiyasui and C. kumatai. The other species are C. furcatus, C. annulipes, C. aneus and C. obtusinervis).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Cephalops furcatus, Cephalops hikosanus new species, Cephalops hirashimai new species, Cephalops honshuensis new species, Cephalops sap, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {1508,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part IV. The genus Pipunculus Latreille},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {3},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {215-239},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 4th part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, the genus Pipunculus (members of which are parasitoids of Cicadellidae) is dealt with. A key to the 12 species known from Japan (7 of them newly described) is included. Known hosts are listed for 2 previously described species.Abstract 2: Twelve species of the Japanese Pipunculus Latrielle are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Four of them are newly recorded from Japan and seven of them are new species. (The new species are the following: P. babai, P. rarus, P. subvaripes, P. avius, P. diuteus, P. nitor and P. magnicarinatus. The other species are P. varipes, P. thomsoni, P. oldenbergi, P. campestris and P. boharti).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus, Pipunculus avius new species, Pipunculus babai new species, Pipunculus rarus new species, Pipunculus subvaripes new species, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro}
}
@article {1509,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part V. The genus Eudorylas Acz{\'e}l},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	note = {address of authors: : Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan.; 281-356 pages?},
	pages = {281-355},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 5th part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, the genus Eudorylas (which includes parasitoids of the rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps) is dealt with. A key to the 40 species known from Japan (including 31 newly described) is included. In the details of species, some information is included on known hosts elsewhere.Abstract 2: Forty species of the Japanese Eudorylas Aczel are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Three of them are newly recorded from Japan and thirty one species are described as new.},
	keywords = {31 new species, agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, descriptions, distribution, hosts, insect pests, keys, natural enemies, new records, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, rice, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1510,
	title = {A systematic study of the Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) Part VI. The genera Dorylomorpha Acz{\'e}l and Tomosvaryella Acz{\'e}l},
	journal = {Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University},
	volume = {34},
	number = {4},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {357-395},
	address = {Fukuoka},
	abstract = {In this 6th part of a series on the taxonomy of the Pipunculidae of Japan, 12 species of Dorylomorpha (a genus that includes mainly parasitoids of Cicadellidae and Delphacidae) and 8 species of Tomosvaryella (a genus that includes parasitoids of hemipterous pests of rice) are dealt with and keyed. Five new species are included, and lists are provided of known hosts of some species in both genera.Abstract 2: Twelve species of the genus Dorylomorpha Aczel and eight species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczel from Japan are treated with key to species, descriptions and illustrations of important diagnostic characters. Six species of Dorylomorpha are new to Japan and five species are new species. Tomosvaryella caligata Hardy is newly recorded from Japan. The species studied are the following: D. confusa, D. imparata, D. extricata, D. haemorrhoidalis, D. rufipes, D. spinosa, D. yamagishii *S, D. rectitermina *S, D. kurodakensis *S, D. valida *S D. yanoi *S, D. lini, T. oryzaetora, T. inazumae, T. sylvatica, T. coquilleti, T. epichalca, T. subvirescens, T. caligata, T. itoi.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Dorylomo, Dorylomorpha confusa, Dorylomorpha extricata, Dorylomorpha haemorrhoidalis, Dorylomorpha imparata, Dorylomorpha rufipes, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, rice, taxonomy},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Hirashima, Yoshihiro and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1511,
	title = {Morphology of immature stages of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Kontyu},
	volume = {55},
	number = {2},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {176-186},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {The morphology of the 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae and puparia of the following 4 species of Japanese Pipunculidae parasitic on the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis. The cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts of the larvae and the posterior spiracular plates of the larvae and the pupa show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the 2nd-instar larva seen in the present species consists of 2 sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the British species, P. semifumosus [Cephalops semifumosus], which has one sclerite.Abstract 2: The morphology of the first and second instar larvae and puparia of the following four Japanese Pipunculidae arasitic on Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler are described: Tomosvaryella oryzaetora Koizumi, Pipunculus multillatus Loew, P. javanensis De Meijere and P. orientalis (Koizumi). Cephalopharyngeal skeleton of the mouthparts in the first and second instar larvae as well as posterior spiracular plates of the late first and second instar larvae and the puparium show specific characters and are used for identification. The labial plate in the second instar larva seen in the present species consists of two sclerites with minute teeth at the anterior margin, differing from the known British (UK) species, P. semifumosus, which has one sclerite.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, anatomy, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, hosts, morphology, mouthparts, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, rice, taxonomy, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, UK},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1512,
	title = {Biology of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University},
	volume = {35},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {9-22},
	address = {Yamaguchi, Japan},
	abstract = {The paddy dwelling species of the family Pipunculidae in Japan have been studied mainly for their taxonomy and adult behavior, though the latter subject has not been covered completely. The biology of the flies, especially in their immature stages, remains unknown. The biology of some European species have been reported, and the knowledge obtained by these authors will be compared with the present data in the following lines. The biology of Tomosvaryella orzyaetora KOIZUMI, Pipunculus multillatus LOEW, P. javanensis DE MEIJERE and P. orientalis (KOIZUMI), parasitic on the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps, were studied in Yamaguchi University Farm and nearby paddy fields in 1983 and 1984 where the four species are dominant among the paddy dwelling pipunculid flies and other species are extremely rare. The results of the biology of each developmental stage of these four species are described here.Abstract 2: The biology of 4 species of pipunculids, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, parasitoids of the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps, was studied in the laboratory at 15, 20, 25 and 30{\textdegree}C. The specimens were recovered from N. cincticeps collected in rice fields in Japan in 1983-84. The development stages within the host are described, including orientation, morphology and development period. The threshold temperatures for pupal development of males and females of P. mutillatus and males of T. oryzaetora were 10.55, 10.56 and 12.88{\textdegree}C, respectively. Information is also provided on larval emergence from the host and the morphology and behaviour of pupae and adults. Multiple parasitism was found to occur only very rarely. The symptoms of parasitism by pipunculids on N. cincticeps are described.},
	keywords = {biology, community structure, developmental stage, fields, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, p, paddy field habitat, parasitoids, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus multillatus, Pipunculus orientalis, rice, species composition, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1513,
	title = {Adult behavior of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera, Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Kontyu},
	volume = {56},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {653-658},
	address = {Tokyo},
	abstract = {The mating behaviour of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus and P. javanensis, parasitoids of the rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps, is described from field and laboratory studies in Japan in 1983-84. The host searching and oviposition behaviour of T. oryzaetora are also described.Abstract 2:  The mating behavior of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora Koizumi, Pipunculus mutillatus Loew and P. javanensis De Meurere is described. Mating in these species is mainly seen in the late morning and at dusk in paddy fields. In T. oryzaetora mainly studied, contact of the two sexes occurs on substrate or in the air, but the coupling of their terminalia is seen only on substrate. The female responds to the male on her back by spreading her wings, and raises her terminalia in order to accept the male aedeagus. In the final action, the male{\textquoteright}s legs hang freely and his wings vibrate rapidly. Host searching and oviposition behaviors of T. oryzaetora are also described.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, behaviour, beneficial insects, biology, cereals, fields, hosts, insect pests, mati, natural enemies, oviposition, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, rice, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1514,
	title = {Seasonal abundance of some Japanese pipunculid flies (Diptera : Pipunculidae) in paddy fields},
	journal = {Esakia},
	volume = {Special is},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {115-121},
	address = {Hikosan},
	abstract = {As part of the studies on the pipunculid flies in paddy fields, their seasonal abundance and percentage parasitism in the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps were studied in insecticide-treated and untreated paddy fields. Four pipunculid species were frequently caught from August to October. The percentage of parasitism in host adults by the flies was high in June-July and in October-November.Abstract 2: The seasonal abundance of pipunculids and the percentage parasitism of their host, the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps, was studied in insecticide-treated and untreated rice fields in Japan during March-November 1983-84. Four species, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, were caught frequently between August and October. Percentage parasitism was highest in June-July and October-November.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, biological control, biology, cereals, ecology, fields, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasitism, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
@article {1549,
	title = {Seasonal incidence of parasitism of brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae), green leafhoppers, Nephotettix spp., and whitebacked planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Laguna Province, Philippines},
	journal = {Environmental Entomology},
	volume = {15},
	number = {2},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {263-267},
	address = {Lawrence (Kansas)},
	abstract = {Seasonal abundance and incidence of parasitism of larvae and adults of the delphacids Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera and the euscelids Nephotettix nigropictus and N. virescens were monitored in rice in the Philippines during the 1983 wet season and the 1983-84 dry season. Overall percentage parasitism by dryinids, strepsipterans and pipunculids was low and variable among seasons and locations.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, brown planthoppers, cereals, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, green leafhoppers, Homoptera, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata lugens, parasites, parasitoids, pests, rice, Sogatella furcifera, whitebacked planthoppers},
	author = {Pe{\~n}a, Nora and Shepard, Merle}
}
@article {1682,
	title = {Depression of dispersal of the female green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens by pipunculid parasitism and ovarian maturation},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {17},
	number = {6},
	year = {1992},
	note = {address of author: Raga In. Ad., Kyushu National Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigoshi, Kumamoto 861-11, Japan.},
	pages = {29},
	abstract = {Observations in and around rice fields in Indonesia in 1986-90 indicated that pipunculid parasitism depresses even short-range dispersal of females of the cicadellid Nephotettix virescens and that females which flew long distances were mostly unparasitized and immature.},
	keywords = {agriculturalentomology, behaviour, beneficial insects, biology, cereals, fields, green leafhopper, hosts, insect pests, migration, natural enemies, Nephotettix virescens, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Suzuki, Y.}
}
@article {1684,
	title = {Effects of pipunculid parasitism on the population dynamics of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens Distant},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Association for Plant Protection of Kyushu},
	volume = {38},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {73-77},
	abstract = {The effect of pipunculid parasitism on the population dynamics of the cicadellid Nephotettix virescens was studied in asynchronous rice planting areas of central Java and Bali, Indonesia. The parasitism of N. virescens adults was greater in migrant-producing, 1st and 2nd generations in paddy fields than in the other generations, which were mainly composed of immigrants from outside the area. These included populations obtained in seed beds, paddy fields 1-4 weeks after transplanting and ratoon fields 1-4 weeks after harvest. Since the parasitism occurred mainly in the nymphal stages, the above results indicated a suppression of migratory activities of parasitised N. virescens. The parasitism rate of 1st-generation adults was related positively to the adult density and negatively to the percentage of mature females among parasitoid-free females. The effects of a greater emigration rate of healthy adults on the parasitism rate of resident populations were analysed using mathematical models. The results showed that the role of pipunculid parasitism as a factor stabilising or destabilising population fluctuations of N. virescens was quite limited.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, biology, cereals, ecology, green rice leafhopper, hosts, insect pests, models, natural enemies, Nephotettix vir, parasitoid, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, population dynamics, rice fields, simulation models},
	author = {Suzuki, Y. and Raga, I. N. and Nurusanti, S. and Wadrawan, I. K. R.}
}
@inbook {1698,
	title = {Potential for increased use of biological control agents against pests of forage crops in Massachusetts},
	booktitle = {Opportunities for increased use of biological control in Massachusetts},
	series = {Research Bulletin  Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station},
	volume = {718},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {75-86},
	abstract = {The current status of major insect pests of maize and lucerne in Massachusetts are listed with their characteristics, types of damage and current chemical control methods. On lucerne, populations of the curculionid Hypera postica are reduced by a number of parasitoids, the most important of these is the ichneumonid Bathyplectes anurus. Fourteen exotic parasitoid species have been released for the control of Agromyza frontella and 3 of these are established. Numbers of the aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum are reduced by the exotic braconids Aphidius ervi ervi and A. smithi. Natural enemies of Acrididae include the pathogen Nosema locustae, Diptera and Hymenoptera. N. locustae is an effective biocontrol agent. The importation of the pipunculid parasitoid Verrallia aucta is recommended for the control of the aphrophorid Philaenus spumarius. None of the maize pests has been reduced to non-pest levels by biological control. Many parasitoids of the noctuid Pseudaletia unipuncta [Mythimna unipuncta] have been recorded but little is known of the natural enemies of the chrysomelid Diabrotica longicornis. Tetranychus urticae has been controlled by the entomogenous fungus Neozygites floridana and the predatory phytoseiids Phytoseiulus persimilis and Amblyseius californicus [Neoseiulus californicus].},
	keywords = {arthropod pests, beneficial arthropods, biological control agents, control, damage, entomopa, evaluation, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, lucerne, maize, microbial pesticides, natural enemies, parasitoids, pathogens, pest control, pesticides, predators},
	author = {van Driesche, R. G.},
	editor = {Peters, T. M. and van Driesche, R. G.}
}
@article {1700,
	title = {Eudorylas (Metadorylas) sp. (Diptera: Pipunculidae): a previously unreported parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis (Delong and Wolcott) and Dalbulus elimatus (Ball) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae)},
	journal = {The Canadian Entomologist},
	volume = {123},
	number = {1},
	year = {1991},
	pages = {241-242},
	address = {Ottawa},
	abstract = {Eudorylas sp. was recorded for the first time as a parasitoid of Dalbulus maidis and D. elimatus on maize in central Mexico.},
	keywords = {agricultural, cereals, entomology, Eudorylas, fields, hosts, insect pests, maize, Metadorylas, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae},
	author = {Vega, Fernando E. and Barbosa, Pedro and Panduro, Alexandro P{\'e}rez}
}
@article {1709,
	title = {Biolog{\'\i}a de los hom{\'o}pteros argentinos: 2. Fluctuaci{\'o}n poblacional de Exitianus obscurinervis (Stal, 1859) (Insecta - Cicadellidae). [Biology of the Argentine Homoptera: II. Population fluctuation of Exitianus obscurinervis (Stal, 1859) (Insecta: Cicadelli},
	journal = {Revista de la Facultad de Agronomia Universidad Nacional De La Plata},
	volume = {70},
	year = {1994},
	pages = {37-49},
	abstract = {A study was carried out to investigate the population dynamics of Exitianus obscurinervis in an area of grassland in Argentina and to determine the impact of the most common parasitoids (Dryinidae, Pipunculidae and Halictophagidae) on nymphal and adult stages.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Argentina, beneficial insects, biology, Cicadellidae, Dryinidae, Exitianus obscurinervis, grasslands, Halictophagidae, Homoptera, hosts, insect pests, Insecta, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, population dynamics},
	author = {Virla, E. G.}
}
@article {1728,
	title = {Superparasitism and multiparasitism of Cicadellidae and Delphacidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha)},
	journal = {The Entomologist},
	volume = {109},
	number = {1},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {47-52},
	abstract = {Records of superparasitism by Dryinidae and Strepsiptera and multiparasitism by Dryinidae with Strepsiptera and Pipunculidae of Cicadellidae and Delphacidae encountered at Silwood Park, UK, are given and reference is made to competition between parasitoid larvae.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Auchenorrhyncha, beneficial insects, biological competition, biology, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Homoptera, hosts, insect pests, multiparasitism, natural enemies, parasitoids, Pipunculidae, superparasitism},
	author = {Waloff, N.}
}
@article {1732,
	title = {Species of Pipunculidae (Diptera) mentioned for the first time in the fauna of Romania},
	journal = {Travaux du Mus{\'e}um National d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle Grigore Antipa},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1987},
	note = {alternate journal title: Travaux du Museum d{\textquoteright}Histoire Naturelle {\textquoteright}Grigore Antipa{\textquoteright}, Romania},
	pages = {165-167},
	abstract = {Distribution records are given for 5 species of parasitic pipunculids recorded for the first time in Romania. The only species known to be of economic importance is Verrallia aucta, which parasitizes the adults of the aphrophorid Philaenus spumarius and the cercopid Neophilaenus lineatus in the UK. This is also the first report from Romania of the genus Verrallia, of which 2 species are listed in this paper. The number of pipunculid species known in Romania is now 26.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, Diptera, distribution, geographical distribution, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, new records, parasitoid, Philaenus spumarius, Pipunculidae, Romania, Verrallia aucta},
	author = {Weinberg, M.}
}
@article {1743,
	title = {Effect of rice stage and GLH density on pipunculid parasitism on green leafhopper (GLH) Nephotettix virescens in Bali, Indonesia},
	journal = {International Rice Research Newsletter},
	volume = {17},
	number = {3},
	year = {1992},
	pages = {21-22},
	abstract = {Adults of Nephotettix virescens were collected from 83 rice fields in Bali in the 1989 dry season and in the 1989-90 wet season and dissected to examine for the presence of pipunculid parasites and for the proportion of mature females that were parasite free. Parasitism was lowest in nursery beds in both seasons. Because immigrants were most common in young fields, this finding suggests that parasitized N. virescens may be less migratory than parasite-free insects. Parasitism in ratoon fields differed markedly between seasons, which may have been associated with the high percentage of mature females. The results suggest that pipunculid parasites may be a regulatory factor in abundance of N. virescens.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Bali, cereals, fields, hosts, Indonesia, natural enemies, Nephotettix virescens, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Widrawan, K. R. and Nursanti, S. and Astika, N. S.}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {An investigation of parasitism on the overwintering generation of major rice insect pests by their natural enemies},
	journal = {Natural Enemies of Insects},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {48-50},
	abstract = {In field studies in Hunan, China, the rate of parasitism by Coccygomimus nipponicus [Pimpla nipponicus], Vulgichneumon diminutus, Phaeogenes sp. and Itoplectis naranyae on Susumia exigua [Marasmia exigua], Eriborus terebrans [Diadegma terebrans] on Tryporyza incertulas [Scirpophaga incertulas], I. naranyae on the pyralid Chilo suppressalis, Anagrus spp. and Ootetrastichus sp. [Aprostocetus sp.] on rice planthoppers [Delphacidae] and Tomosvaryella oryzaetora on Nephotettix cincticeps was found to be about 15\% in the overwintering stage of the hosts.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, cereals, diapause, fields, habitats, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, overwintering, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Wu, H. F. and Yang, X. M.}
}
@article {1775,
	title = {Faunal and biological studies on the insects of paddy fields in Asia.  XIII.  Pipunculidae from Japan (Diptera)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {16},
	number = {4},
	year = {1984},
	pages = {53-74},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {An annotated list is presented of 14 species of pipunculid parasites collected in Japan during surveys of rice fields and their bordering levees, or reared from Nephotettix cincticeps in the laboratory. The leafhoppers concurrently collected during the survey in light traps and by sweeping were N. virescens, N. malayanus, N. nigropictus and N. parvus. The pipunculids comprised 1 species of Verrallia, 6 species of Pipunculus, 6 species of Tomosvaryella and 1 species of Dorylomorpha. The information on each parasite includes collection data, world distribution and the host species from which the species has been recorded elsewhere (though field hosts are not shown for the examples collected in this survey).},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Asia, cereals, distribution, fields, food plants, geographical distribution, habitats, hosts, Japan, natural enemies, paddy fields, parasites, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Ishitani, Masahiro and Asai, Ikuzo and Satoh, Michio}
}
@article {1778,
	title = {An evidence for behavioural change in Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae) parasitized by pipunculid flies (Diptera: Pipunculidae)},
	journal = {Applied Entomology and Zoology},
	volume = {20},
	number = {1},
	year = {1985},
	note = {1 fig.; 5 ref.},
	pages = {94-96},
	abstract = {Studies were carried out in rice fields in Yamaguchi City, Japan, in 1980-83 to determine the effect of parasitization by pipunculids on the behaviour of Nephotettix cincticeps. The pipunculid species present were Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis, P. orientalis, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora and T. epichalca. Percentage parasitism was 0-8.71 (averaging 2.55) for light-trap collections and 2.29-26.57 (averaging 13.34\%) for sweep-net collections. Examination of 236 examples of N. cincticeps attracted to windows on 25 July 1983 revealed no pipunculid larvae. However, both young and fully-developed larvae were found in examples of N. cincticeps collected in fields by both methods, and some of these adult hosts with empty abdomens contained fully-developed larvae. The results showed that the flight behaviour of N. cincticeps was affected by parasitization, and this was thought to be due to damage to the thoracic muscles and nervous system and to poor physiological condition.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biology, cereals, Deltocephalidae, distribution, effects, flight, food plants, hosts, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Yano, K{\^o}ji and Morakote, Rut and Satoh, Michio and Asai, Ikuzo}
}
