@article {963,
	title = {Pupation site and overwintering of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {11-15},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {Information is presented on the pupation site and overwintering of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, parasitoids of the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps, from field studies in the Yamaguchi area of Japan in 1979-80. The results suggested that there are two types of overwintering in this area. In the first type, the parasitoids oviposit between mid-August and early September and adults emerge between late October and early December. The eggs oviposited at this stage hatch in the hosts, overwinter as 1st-instar larvae, pupate in early April and adults emerge in May to early June. In the second type, oviposition occurs between early and mid-October and larvae escape in mid- to late November, overwinter in the pupal stage and emerge the following spring. Between January and April, 1980, parasitism of 4th-5th-instar nymphs of N. cincticeps was 0-17\% while that of adults was 0-14\%.},
	keywords = {beneficial insects, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, overwintering, parasitoids, phenology, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, Pipunculus orientalis, pupation, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Asai, I. and Yano, K.}
}
@article {1130,
	title = {Seasonal occurrence and voltinism of Pipunculidae (Diptera) in Belgium},
	journal = {Bulletin de l{\textquoteright}Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1989},
	pages = {71-81},
	address = {Brussels},
	abstract = {From observations over a period of 7 years (1981-87), the seasonal incidence and voltinity of 37 species of Pipunculidae (which are parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha) in Belgium is reported.Abstract 2: The annual modality of 37 Pipunculidae (Diptera) species occurring in Belgium is discussed. The results are based on data from 28 site-year cycles of Malaise traps (occasionally emergence and water traps) and material collected by handsweepings. Voltinism is detected and a seasonal sequence pattern is composed for the species discussed, showing a temporal distribution between univoltine and bivoltine species during the Summer. The results are compared with those from some other West and Central European countries. Intraspecific variability, probably caused by geographical as well as climatological differences, is discussed for some common species. Interspecific variability among closely related species is discussed as well as sex-ratios of the captures in the Malaise traps.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, Belgium, beneficial insects, biology, climate, insectpests, intraspecific variability, natural enemies, parasitoids, phenology, Pipunculidae, zoogeography},
	author = {De Meyer, Marc and De Bruyn, Luc}
}
@article {1365,
	title = {Parasitism of green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler by Alloneura oryzaetora, Eudorylas cruciator and Eudorylas tsuboii (Pipunculidae: Diptera) in southern rice cultural area},
	journal = {Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration, Plant, Environment, Mycology and Farm Products Utilization, Korea Republic},
	volume = {28},
	number = {1},
	year = {1986},
	note = {Written in Chinese - not OCR{\textquoteright}d (Abstract in English)},
	pages = {82-85},
	address = {Suwon, Korea},
	abstract = {The rate of parasitism by pipunculids on the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps was investigated in field studies in the Korea Republic. Of 3 species of pipunculid parasitoids present (Alloneura oryzaetora [Tomosvaryella oryzaetora], Eudorylas cruciator [Pipunculus mutillatus] and E. tsuboii [P. javanensis]), T. oryzaetora was the most dominant. Parasitism in the nymphal stage was 16.0\% for the overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the 1st generation on a fallow field, and 29.7 and 4.0\% for the 2nd and 3rd generations, respectively, on rice. The 4 peaks of parasitism occurred in late June, early and late August and early September.Abstract 2: This study was carried out to investigate the parasitism of Pipunculidae parasites to the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler in southern rice cultural area, Chinju, Korea. The percentages of parasitism in the nymphal stage of Nephotetix cincticeps at each generation were 16.0\% for overwintered generation, 14.0\% for the first generation on fallow field, 29.7\% for the second generation and 14.0\% for the third generation on paddy field, respectively. The four peaks of occurrence of Pipunculidae parasites (Diptera) in paddy field were observed late June, early and late August and early September. We found three species of Pipunculidae parasites, Alloneura oryzaetora Koizumi, Eudorylas cruciator Perkins and Eudorylas tsuboii Koizumi from the green rice leafhopper. Alloneura oryzaetora was dominant nymphal parasitoid among the three parasites.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, biological control, biology, cereals, Eudorylas cruciator, Eudorylas tsuboii, fields, habitats, hosts, Korea, natural enemies, parasites, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Kim, J. P. and Kim, C. H.}
}
@article {1514,
	title = {Seasonal abundance of some Japanese pipunculid flies (Diptera : Pipunculidae) in paddy fields},
	journal = {Esakia},
	volume = {Special is},
	year = {1990},
	pages = {115-121},
	address = {Hikosan},
	abstract = {As part of the studies on the pipunculid flies in paddy fields, their seasonal abundance and percentage parasitism in the green rice leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps were studied in insecticide-treated and untreated paddy fields. Four pipunculid species were frequently caught from August to October. The percentage of parasitism in host adults by the flies was high in June-July and in October-November.Abstract 2: The seasonal abundance of pipunculids and the percentage parasitism of their host, the cicadellid Nephotettix cincticeps, was studied in insecticide-treated and untreated rice fields in Japan during March-November 1983-84. Four species, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, were caught frequently between August and October. Percentage parasitism was highest in June-July and October-November.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, beneficial insects, biological control, biology, cereals, ecology, fields, hosts, insect pests, insecticides, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, parasitism, parasitoids, pests, phenology, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Morakote, Rut and Yano, K{\^o}ji}
}
