@article {963,
	title = {Pupation site and overwintering of some Japanese Pipunculidae (Diptera) parasitizing Nephotettix cincticeps (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae)},
	journal = {Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society},
	volume = {19},
	number = {1-2},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {11-15},
	address = {Matsuyama, Japan},
	abstract = {Information is presented on the pupation site and overwintering of Tomosvaryella oryzaetora, Pipunculus mutillatus, P. javanensis and P. orientalis, parasitoids of the cicadellid rice pest Nephotettix cincticeps, from field studies in the Yamaguchi area of Japan in 1979-80. The results suggested that there are two types of overwintering in this area. In the first type, the parasitoids oviposit between mid-August and early September and adults emerge between late October and early December. The eggs oviposited at this stage hatch in the hosts, overwinter as 1st-instar larvae, pupate in early April and adults emerge in May to early June. In the second type, oviposition occurs between early and mid-October and larvae escape in mid- to late November, overwinter in the pupal stage and emerge the following spring. Between January and April, 1980, parasitism of 4th-5th-instar nymphs of N. cincticeps was 0-17\% while that of adults was 0-14\%.},
	keywords = {beneficial insects, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, Nephotettix cincticeps, overwintering, parasitoids, phenology, Pipunculidae, Pipunculus javanensis, Pipunculus mutillatus, Pipunculus orientalis, pupation, Tomosvaryella oryzaetora},
	author = {Asai, I. and Yano, K.}
}
@mastersthesis {1303,
	title = {A contribution to the biology of pipunculid-flies (Pipunculidae : Diptera)},
	year = {1982},
	note = {128 pp.},
	school = {Free University, Berlin},
	type = {Ph.D.},
	keywords = {biology, biololgical control, effects on hos, host selection, larvae, larval development, leafhoppers, mating behaviour, orientation of larvae in host, overwintering, oviposition, Pipunculidae, pupae, rearing, searching behaviour, site of larval emergence},
	author = {Huq, Syed Bazlul}
}
@article {1759,
	title = {An investigation of parasitism on the overwintering generation of major rice insect pests by their natural enemies},
	journal = {Natural Enemies of Insects},
	volume = {9},
	number = {1},
	year = {1987},
	pages = {48-50},
	abstract = {In field studies in Hunan, China, the rate of parasitism by Coccygomimus nipponicus [Pimpla nipponicus], Vulgichneumon diminutus, Phaeogenes sp. and Itoplectis naranyae on Susumia exigua [Marasmia exigua], Eriborus terebrans [Diadegma terebrans] on Tryporyza incertulas [Scirpophaga incertulas], I. naranyae on the pyralid Chilo suppressalis, Anagrus spp. and Ootetrastichus sp. [Aprostocetus sp.] on rice planthoppers [Delphacidae] and Tomosvaryella oryzaetora on Nephotettix cincticeps was found to be about 15\% in the overwintering stage of the hosts.},
	keywords = {agricultural entomology, cereals, diapause, fields, habitats, hosts, insect pests, natural enemies, overwintering, parasites, parasitoids, pests, Pipunculidae, rice},
	author = {Wu, H. F. and Yang, X. M.}
}
